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it's in the nature of the beast

1 beast

beast n

1 ( animal) bête f ; the king of the beasts le roi des animaux ; beast of burden bête de somme ; beast of prey carnassier m ; the Beast Bible l'antéchrist m, la Bête de l'Apocalypse ;

2 ○ pej ( person) ( annoying) chameau ○ m ; ( brutal) brute f ; he's a selfish beast! c'est un sale égoïste ; to bring out the beast in sb ( make angry) rendre qn enragé, (make lustful, brutal) réveiller la bête qui sommeille en qn ;

3 ○ péj (job, task, problem) saloperie ◑ f ; it's a beast of a job! c'est une vraie corvée!

Idiom

it's in the nature of the beast hum c'est dans l'ordre des choses.

Big English-French dictionary > beast
2 beast

beast [bi:st]

noun

(a) (animal) bête f, animal m;

∎ the king of the beasts le roi des animaux;

∎ Bible the Beast l'Antéchrist m, la bête de l'Apocalypse;

∎ beast of burden bête f de somme;

∎ beast of prey bête f de proie

(b) (savage nature)

∎ the beast in man la bête en l'homme

(c) (person → unpleasant) chameau m; (→ cruel) brute f;

∎ you beast! vous êtes dégoûtant!

(d) familiar (unpleasant thing)

∎ a beast of a job un sale boulot;

∎ I've had a beast of a day j'ai eu une journée affreuse

(e) American familiar (ugly woman) boudin m, cageot m

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > beast
3 beast

beast [bi:st]

noun

a. bête f

• beast of burden bête f de somme

• this is a very different beast from... ça n'a vraiment rien à voir avec...

b. ( = person) (cruel) brute f ; (disagreeable) (inf) chameau (inf) m

* * *
[biːst]
noun

1) ( animal) bête f

the Beast — Bible l'antéchrist m

2) (colloq) pej ( person) ( annoying) chameau (colloq) m; ( brutal) brute f

to bring out the beast in somebody — (make lustful, brutal) réveiller la bête qui sommeille en quelqu'un

••

it's in the nature of the beast — hum c'est dans l'ordre des choses

English-French dictionary > beast
4 beast

[biːst]
nome

1) (animal) bestia f., animale m.

beast of burden — bestia da soma

2) colloq. spreg. (person) (annoying) bestia f., bestione m.; (brutal) bruto m., animale m.

to bring out the beast in sb. — (make lustful, brutal) risvegliare la bestia o l'animale che c'è in qcn

••

it's in the nature of the beast — scherz. è la legge della natura, così vanno le cose

it's a beast of a job! — colloq. è un lavoro da bestie!

* * *
[bi:st]
1) (a four-footed (especially large) animal: beasts of the jungle.) bestia

2) (a cruel, brutal person.) bestia, animale

3) (an unpleasant person: Arthur is a beast for refusing to come!) bestia, animale

•

- beastly
- beastliness
* * *
beast /bi:st/
n.

1 bestia; animale: wild beast, bestia feroce

2 (fig.) bestia; bestione; animale ( persona grossolana o intrattabile)

3 istinti animali: It's the beast in him, sono i suoi istinti animali

4 – ( Bibbia) the Beast, la Bestia ( simbolo dell'Anticristo)

5 ( slang USA) ragazza ( anche non brutta)

6 (volg. spreg. USA) puttana da due soldi; battona

7 ( slang USA) eroina; LSD

8 ( slang USA) macchina volante ( missile, razzo, ecc.)

● beast of burden, bestia da soma □ beast of a cold, brutto raffreddore □ beast of prey, animale da preda
FALSI AMICI: beast non significa bestia nel senso di persona ignorante.
* * *
[biːst]
nome

1) (animal) bestia f., animale m.

beast of burden — bestia da soma

2) colloq. spreg. (person) (annoying) bestia f., bestione m.; (brutal) bruto m., animale m.

to bring out the beast in sb. — (make lustful, brutal) risvegliare la bestia o l'animale che c'è in qcn

••

it's in the nature of the beast — scherz. è la legge della natura, così vanno le cose

it's a beast of a job! — colloq. è un lavoro da bestie!

English-Italian dictionary > beast
5 nature

noun

1) Natur, die

back to nature — zurück zur Natur

paint from nature — nach der Natur malen

2) (essential qualities) Beschaffenheit, die

in the nature of things — naturgemäß

3) (kind, sort) Art, die

things of this nature — derartiges; Dinge dieser Art

it's in the nature of a command — es hat Befehlscharakter

4) (character) [Wesens]art, die; Wesen, das

have a happy nature — eine Frohnatur sein

be of or have a placid nature — eine ruhige Art haben

have a jealous nature — eifersüchtig sein

it is not in her nature to lie — es ist nicht ihre Art zu lügen

human nature — menschliche Natur

it's only human nature to... — es ist nur menschlich,... zu...

* * *
['nei ə]
noun

1) (the physical world, eg trees, plants, animals, mountains, rivers etc, or the power which made them: the beauty of nature; the forces of nature; the study of nature.) die Natur

2) (the qualities born in a person; personality: She has a generous nature.) die Natur

3) (quality; what something is or consists of: What is the nature of your work?) die Beschaffenheit

4) (a kind, type etc: bankers and other people of that nature.) die Art

•

- academic.ru/49186/-natured">-natured
- in the nature of
* * *

na·ture

[ˈneɪtʃəʳ, AM -ɚ]

I. n no pl

1. no art (natural environment) Natur f

to get [or go] back to \nature zu einer natürlichen Lebensweise zurückkehren

in \nature in der Natur

to let \nature [or allow \nature to] take its course der Natur ihren Lauf lassen

the laws of \nature die Gesetze der Natur

2. (innate qualities) Natur f, Art f, Beschaffenheit f

what is the \nature of your problem? worum handelt es sich bei Ihrem Problem?

it's the \nature of linen to crumple easily Leinen knittert von Natur aus leicht

I have a problem of a rather delicate \nature ich habe da ein ziemlich heikles Problem

the \nature of a crime/an event/the punishment die Art eines Verbrechens/Ereignisses/einer Strafe

things of this \nature Dinge dieser Art

it's in the \nature of things das liegt in der Natur der Sache

by \nature von Natur aus

3. (character) Naturell nt, Art f

sb's better \nature das Gute in jdm

to be in sb's \nature jds Art sein

it's not really in her \nature to be aggressive es ist eigentlich nicht ihre Art, aggressiv zu sein

4.

▶ it's the \nature of the beast das liegt in der Natur der Sache

▶ the call of \nature ( euph) der Ruf der Natur euph

\nature's calling die Natur ruft

II. n modifier (book, programme) Natur-

* * *
['neɪtʃə(r)]
n

1) Natur f

Nature — die Natur

laws of nature — Naturgesetze pl

against nature —

in a state of nature ( = uncivilized inf : = naked ) to return to nature (person) (garden) —, inf : = naked ) im Naturzustand to return to nature (person) zur Natur zurückkehren (garden) in den Naturzustand zurückkehren

to get back to nature — zur Natur zurückkehren

to paint from nature — nach der Natur malen

nature calls (euph) — ich muss mal (inf)

2) (of person) Wesen(sart f) nt, Natur f

it is not in my nature to say things like that — es entspricht nicht meiner Art or meinem Wesen, so etwas zu sagen

it is in the nature of young people to want to travel — es liegt im Wesen junger Menschen, reisen zu wollen

cautious by nature — von Natur aus vorsichtig

3) (of object, material) Beschaffenheit f

it's in the nature of things — das liegt in der Natur der Sache

the nature of the case is such... — der Fall liegt so...

that's the nature of the beast (fig) — das ist die Natur dieser Sache

cash is, by its (very) nature, easy to steal — Geld ist aufgrund seiner Beschaffenheit leicht zu stehlen

4) (= type, sort) Art f

things of this nature — derartiges

something in the nature of an apology — so etwas wie eine Entschuldigung

... or something of that nature —... oder etwas in der Art

* * *

nature [ˈneıtʃə(r)] s

1. allg Natur f:

a) Schöpfung f, Weltall n

b) auch Nature Naturkräfte pl: → course A 9, debt 1

c) natürliche Landschaft:

the beauty of nature die Schönheit der Natur

d) Naturzustand m:

back to nature zurück zur Natur;

nature cure Naturheilverfahren n; → state A 4

e) Konstitution f (des Menschen etc):

nature calls umg ich muss mal; → ease B 3, relieve A 1

f) Wirklichkeit f:

from nature MAL nach der Natur; → true A 4

2. Natur f:

a) Charakter m, (Eigen)Art f, Wesen n, Veranlagung f:

by nature von Natur (aus);

it is (in) her nature es liegt in ihrem Wesen; → alien A 6, human A 1, second¹ A 1

b) (Gemüts)Art f, Naturell n, Wesen n:

her sunny nature;

of good nature gutherzig, -mütig

c) koll natürliche Triebe pl oder Instinkte pl

3. Art f, Sorte f:

he’s an engineer or sth of that nature er ist Ingenieur od so etwas Ähnliches;

things of this nature Dinge dieser Art;

nature of the business WIRTSCH Gegenstand m der Firma;

of a business nature geschäftlicher Art;

of a grave nature ernster Natur;

it is in the nature of things es liegt in der Natur der Sache

4. (natürliche) Beschaffenheit:

the nature of gases

* * *

noun

1) Natur, die

back to nature — zurück zur Natur

paint from nature — nach der Natur malen

2) (essential qualities) Beschaffenheit, die

in the nature of things — naturgemäß

3) (kind, sort) Art, die

things of this nature — derartiges; Dinge dieser Art

it's in the nature of a command — es hat Befehlscharakter

4) (character) [Wesens]art, die; Wesen, das

have a happy nature — eine Frohnatur sein

be of or have a placid nature — eine ruhige Art haben

have a jealous nature — eifersüchtig sein

it is not in her nature to lie — es ist nicht ihre Art zu lügen

human nature — menschliche Natur

it's only human nature to... — es ist nur menschlich,... zu...

* * *

n.

Beschaffenheit f.

Charakter m.

Natur -en f.

Natur -en m.

English-german dictionary > nature
6 nature

{'neitʃə}
1. природа
to pay o/s debt to NATURE, to pay the debt of NATURE умирам
against/contrary to NATURE противоестествен (o)
back to NATURE назад към природата
in NATURE в природата, действително съществуващ, където и да е
one of NATURE's gentlemen/noblemen прост, но благороден по душа човек
NATURE study природознание
2. живот близко до природата, природосъобразен живот, естествено/примитивно състояние
state of NATURE примитивно/първобитно състояние, диво състояние (на животни, растения), рел. още не изпитал божията милост, гол
3. естество, същност, природа, натура, характер, нрав, душа
by NATURE по природа/характер/душа
human NATURE човешка природа
it's the NATURE of a dog to bark естествено е за кучето да лае
4. физически нужди/функции, организъм
to ease NATURE ходя по нужда
the call of NATURE нуждата да се изходи човек
NATURE is exhausted oргaнизмът е изтощен
5. вид, сорт
things of this NATURE този вид неща
his request was in the NATURE of a command молбата му имаше характер на заповед
6. изк. натура
to draw/paint from NATURE рисувам от натура

* * *

{'neitshъ} n 1. природа; to pay o/s debt to nature, to pay the debt

* * *

характер; същност; същина; природа; естество; натура; натюрел; нрав;

* * *
1. against/contrary to nature противоестествен (o) 2. back to nature назад към природата 3. by nature по природа/характер/душа 4. his request was in the nature of a command молбата му имаше характер на заповед 5. human nature човешка природа 6. in nature в природата, действително съществуващ, където и да е 7. it's the nature of a dog to bark естествено е за кучето да лае 8. nature is exhausted oргaнизмът е изтощен 9. nature study природознание 10. one of nature's gentlemen/noblemen прост, но благороден по душа човек 11. state of nature примитивно/първобитно състояние, диво състояние (на животни, растения), рел. още не изпитал божията милост, гол 12. the call of nature нуждата да се изходи човек 13. things of this nature този вид неща 14. to draw/paint from nature рисувам от натура 15. to ease nature ходя по нужда 16. to pay o/s debt to nature, to pay the debt of nature умирам 17. вид, сорт 18. естество, същност, природа, натура, характер, нрав, душа 19. живот близко до природата, природосъобразен живот, естествено/примитивно състояние 20. изк. натура 21. природа 22. физически нужди/функции, организъм
* * *

nature[´neitʃə] n 1. природа, натура; to pay o.'s debt to
ature умирам; one of N.'s noblemen прост, но благороден по душа човек; in the course of
ature по естествения път на нещата;
ature study естествознание; back to N. назад към природата; in a state of
ature разг. чисто гол;
ature will have its course природата ще си вземе своето; to beat all
ature разг. нямам равен на себе си, надминавам всички; 2. естество, същност, натура, характер; темперамент, нрав; human
ature човешка природа; a revengeful
ature отмъстителна натура; by
ature по природа, по характер; against
ature противоестествен; good
ature добродушие; добросърдечие; ill
ature злоба; in (of) the
ature of равно на, еквивалентно на, фактически; 3. физически нужди, функции; организъм; to answer a call of
ature ходя до тоалетна; ease
ature ходя по нужда; the
ature of the beast същността (характера) на нещо; 4. изк. натура; to draw from
ature рисувам от натура.

English-Bulgarian dictionary > nature
7 nature

na·ture [ʼneɪtʃəʳ, Am -ɚ] n

no pl

1) no art ( natural environment) Natur f;

to get [or go] back to \nature zu einer natürlichen Lebensweise zurückkehren;

in \nature in der Natur;

to let \nature [or allow \nature to] take its course der Natur ihren Lauf lassen;

the laws of \nature die Gesetze der Natur

2) ( innate qualities) Natur f, Art f;

what is the \nature of your problem? worum handelt es sich bei Ihrem Problem?;

it's the \nature of linen to crumple easily Leinen knittert von Natur aus leicht;

I have a problem of a rather delicate \nature ich habe da ein ziemlich heikles Problem;

the \nature of a crime/ an event/ the punishment die Art eines Verbrechens/Ereignisses/einer Strafe;

things of this \nature Dinge dieser Art;

it's in the \nature of things das liegt in der Natur der Sache;

by \nature von Natur aus

3) ( character) Naturell nt, Art f;

sb's better \nature das Gute in jdm;

to be in sb's \nature jds Art sein;

it's not really in her \nature to be aggressive es ist eigentlich nicht ihre Art, aggressiv zu sein

PHRASES:

it's the \nature of the beast das liegt in der Natur der Sache;

the call of \nature (of \nature) der Ruf der Natur ( euph)

\nature's calling die Natur ruft n

modifier (book, programme) Natur-

English-German students dictionary > nature
8 beau

beau, belle [bo, bεl]

━━━━━━━━━

1. adjective

2. masculine noun

3. feminine noun

━━━━━━━━━

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► bel, instead of beau, is used before a masculine noun beginning with a vowel or silent h.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. <

   a. beautiful ; [homme] good-looking

• il est beau garçon he's good-looking

• se faire beau to get dressed up

• il a fait du beau travail he did a beautiful job

• il m'a fait un très beau cadeau he gave me a lovely present

• les beaux quartiers the smart part of town

   b. (moralement) un beau geste a noble act

• ce n'est pas beau de mentir it isn't nice to tell lies

   c. ( = agréable) [voyage, journée] lovely

• il fait beau the weather's nice

• il fait très beau the weather's lovely

• il est arrivé un beau matin he turned up one fine morning

• c'est le bel âge ! it's nice to be young!

   d. ( = réussi) successful ; [résultat] excellent

• elle a fait une belle carrière she had a successful career

• c'est le plus beau jour de ma vie ! this is the best day of my life!

• c'est une belle mort it's a good way to go

• ce serait trop beau ! that would be too much to hope for!

   e. ( = grand) [revenu, profit] handsome ; [brûlure, peur] nasty

• ça fait une belle somme ! that's a tidy (inf) sum!

• ça a fait un beau scandale it caused quite a scandal

• il a attrapé une belle bronchite he's got a bad chest infection

• c'est un beau menteur he's a terrible liar

• c'est un beau salaud (inf!) he's a real bastard (vulg!)

   f. (locutions)

► avoir beau

• on a beau faire, ils n'apprennent rien no matter what you do, they don't learn anything

• il a eu beau essayer, il n'a pas réussi despite his efforts, he was unsuccessful

• on a beau dire, il n'est pas bête say what you like, he's not stupid► bel et bien really

• cet homme a bel et bien existé the man really did exist

• il s'est bel et bien trompé he got it well and truly wrong► de plus belle [crier, rire] even louder

• reprendre de plus belle [combat, polémique, violence] to start up again with renewed vigour

• continuer de plus belle [discrimination, répression] to be worse than ever

2. <

   a. le beau the beautiful

• elle n'achète que du beau she only buys the best

• c'est du beau ! (reproche) charming! ; (consternation) this is a fine mess!

   b. (temps) être au beau fixe [baromètre] to be set fair ; [relations] to be excellent

   c. faire le beau [chien] to sit up and beg

3. <

belle

   a. ( = femme) ma belle ! (inf) sweetheart!

• La Belle au bois dormant Sleeping Beauty

• La Belle et la Bête Beauty and the Beast

• se faire la belle (inf) to break out of jail

   b. ( = partie décisive) decider

• on fait la belle ? shall we play a decider?

   c. ( = action, parole) (inf) il en a fait de belles quand il était jeune he was a bit wild when he was young

• en apprendre de belles sur qn to hear things about sb

* * *

1.

( bel before vowel or mute h), belle, mpl beaux bo, bɛl adjectif

1) ( esthétiquement) [enfant, femme, visage, yeux, cheveux] beautiful; [homme, garçon] handsome; [jambes] nice; [corps, silhouette] good; [couleur, son, jardin, objet] beautiful

se faire beau — to do oneself up

faire quelqu'un beau — to smarten somebody up

ce n'est pas (bien) beau à voir! — (colloq) it's not a pretty sight!

2) ( qualitativement) [vêtements, machine, spectacle] good; [collection, spécimen] fine; [travail, cadeau] nice; [temps, jour] fine, nice; [journée, promenade] lovely; [discours, projet] fine; [effort, victoire] nice; [geste, sentiment] noble; [carrière] successful; [succès, avenir, optimisme] great

fais de beaux rêves! — sweet dreams!

il fait beau — the weather is fine

il n'est pas beau de faire — it's not nice to do

un beau jour — one fine day

au beau milieu de — right in the middle of

c'est bien beau tout ça, mais — (colloq) that's all very fine, but

trop beau pour être vrai — too good to be true

ça serait trop beau! — (colloq) one should be so lucky! (colloq)

ce ne sont que de belles paroles — it's all talk

3) ( quantitativement) [somme, héritage] tidy; [salaire] very nice; [appétit] big

belle pagaille — absolute mess

bel égoïste — awful egoist

2.

nom masculin

1) ( choses intéressantes)

qu'est-ce que tu as fait de beau? — done anything interesting?

2) Philosophie ( beauté)

le beau — beauty

3) Météorologie

le temps est/se met au beau — the weather is/is turning fine

3.

avoir beau locution verbale

j'ai beau essayer, je n'y arrive pas — it's no good my trying, I can't do it

l'économie a beau se développer, le chômage progresse — even if the economy does develop, unemployment is still growing

on a beau dire, ce n'est pas si simple — no matter what people say, it's not that easy

4.

bel et bien locution adverbiale

1) ( irréversiblement) well and truly

bel et bien fini — well and truly over

2) ( indiscutablement) definitely

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- beau fixe

- beau gosse

- beau parleur

- beau parti

- beau sexe

- beaux jours

- bel esprit

- belle page

- belle plante

- belles années

••

faire le beau — [chien] to sit up and beg; [personne] to show off

c'est du beau! — (colloq) iron lovely! iron

tout beau (tout beau)! — ( pour calmer) easy(, easy)!

* * *
bo, bɛl (belle) bel (devant un nom masculin commençant par une voyelle ou un h muet) beaux mpl
1. adj

1) [maison, spectacle] lovely, beautiful, [vacances] lovely

un bel été — a lovely summer

une belle journée — a beautiful day, a lovely day

2) (femme) beautiful, (homme) handsome

C'est une belle femme. — She is a beautiful woman.

un bel homme — a handsome man

C'est un beau garçon. — He is a good-looking boy.

3) (temps) fine, nice

si le temps est beau — if the weather's fine, if the weather's nice

il fait beau; il fait beau temps — the weather's fine

Il fait beau aujourd'hui. — It's a nice day today.

4) (sentiment) fine, (acte) good

un beau geste fig — a fine gesture

5) (valeur intensive)

un beau salaire — a very nice salary, a very good salary

un beau gâchis — a fine mess

un beau rhume — an awful cold

6) (autres locutions)

le beau monde — high society

un beau parleur — a smooth talker

un beau jour — one day, one fine day

un beau matin — one morning, one fine morning

avoir beau jeu de; Il a beau jeu de protester. — It's easy for him to protest.

bel et bien — well and truly, (= vraiment) really, really and truly

de plus belle — more than ever

avoir beau faire qch; J'ai beau essayer, je n'y arrive pas. — No matter how hard I try, I just can't do it., However hard I try, I just can't do it.

pour les beaux yeux de qn lit — for love of sb, for sb's sake

être promis à un bel avenir — to have a fine future ahead of one

Cette chanteuse d'à peine vingt ans semble promise à un bel avenir. — This singer, barely twenty years old, appears to have a fine future ahead of her.

2. nf

1) SPORT (= rencontre décisive) decider

2) (= évasion)

se faire la belle * — to do a bunk *

3. belles nfpl

en entendre de belles sur qn/qch — to hear a thing or two about sb/sth

en faire de belles — to do stupid things, to do some stupid things

en dire de belles — to say stupid things, to say some stupid things

4. nm

1) (= concept)

le beau — beauty

avoir le sens du beau — to have an aesthetic sense

2) (autres locutions)

le temps est au beau — the weather is set fair

le plus beau c'est que... — the best of it is that...

c'est du beau! — lovely! ironique

faire le beau [chien] — to sit up and beg

* * *

beau ( bel before vowel or mute h), belle, mpl beaux

A adj

1 ( esthétiquement) [enfant, femme, visage, yeux, cheveux] beautiful; [homme, garçon] handsome; [jambes] nice; [corps, silhouette, dents] good; [couleur, son, musique, maison, jardin, objet] beautiful; tu es belle ( extraordinairement) you're beautiful; ( normalement) you look lovely; c'est une belle fille she's very nice-looking; c'est une belle femme she's a beautiful woman; avoir belle allure [personne] to cut a fine figure; [maison, voiture] to be fine-looking; se faire beau to do oneself up; faire beau qn to smarten sb up; ce n'est pas (bien) beau à voir○! it's not a pretty sight!; peindre qch sous de belles couleurs to make sth sound wonderful; ⇒ fille;

2 ( qualitativement) [vêtements, machine, performance, match, spectacle] good; [œuvre, collection, bijou, spécimen] fine; [travail, poste, cadeau, anniversaire] nice; [temps, jour] fine, nice; [journée, promenade, rêve] lovely; [promesse, débat, discours, projet] fine; [effort, victoire, exemple, manière] nice; [geste, sentiment, âme] noble; [pensée] beautiful; [carrière] successful; [succès, avenir, optimisme] great; fais de beaux rêves! sweet dreams!; il fait beau the weather is fine; il n'est pas beau de faire it's not nice to do; un beau jour/matin/soir one fine day/morning/evening; au beau milieu de right in the middle of; rien n'est trop beau pour lui/eux nothing is too good for him/them; c'est bien beau tout ça, mais○ that's all very fine, but; trop beau pour être vrai too good to be true; ça serait trop beau○! one should be so lucky○!; ce ne sont que de belles paroles it's all talk; assez de belles paroles, dites ce que vous avez à dire enough of your fine words, say what you have to say; il y a beau temps qu'il n'est pas venu he hasn't been here for ages; ⇒ démener, pluie;

3 ( quantitativement) [somme, héritage] tidy; [salaire] very nice; [appétit] big; belle pagaille absolute mess; beau mensonge whopping lie, whopper○; bel égoïste awful egoist; beau salaud◑ real bastard◑.

B nm

1 ( choses intéressantes) qu'est-ce que tu as fait de beau? done anything interesting?; tu n'as rien de beau à nous raconter? anything interesting to tell us?; le plus beau (de l'histoire) est que the best part (of the story) is that;

2 Philos ( beauté) le beau beauty; goût/recherche/sentiment du beau taste/quest/feeling for beauty;

3 ( bonne qualité) best quality; n'acheter que du beau to buy only the best quality;

4 ( homme) dandy; jouer les beaux to be a dandy; ⇒ vieux;

5 Météo le temps est/se met au beau the weather is/is turning fine.

C avoir beau loc verbale j'ai beau essayer/travailler, je n'y arrive pas it's no good my trying/working, I can't do it; l'économie a beau se développer, le chômage progresse even if the economy does develop, unemployment is still growing; on a beau dire, ce n'est pas si simple no matter what people say, it's not that easy.

D bel et bien loc adv

1 ( irréversiblement) well and truly; bel et bien fini well and truly over;

2 ( indiscutablement) definitely; il était bel et bien coupable he was definitely guilty.

E belle nf

1 ( femme) courtiser les belles to go courting the ladies; ma belle darling, love○ GB, doll○ US;

2 ( maîtresse) lady friend; avoir rendez-vous avec sa belle to have a date with one's lady friend;

3 Jeux decider; faire la belle to play the decider.

F de plus belle loc adv with renewed vigour^GB; les hostilités ont repris de plus belle hostilities resumed with renewed vigour^GB; la pluie a repris de plus belle it started raining again harder than ever; frapper de plus belle to hit harder than ever; crier de plus belle to shout louder than ever.

G belles○ nfpl ( paroles) stories; j'en ai appris or entendu de belles à ton sujet I have been hearing stories about you; on en raconte de belles sur elle there are quite a few stories about her.

Composés

beau fixe Météo fine weather; être au beau fixe [temps, baromètre] to be set fair; [[affaire, relation] to be going well; avoir le moral au beau fixe○ to be on a high○; beau gosse○ good-looking guy○; être beau gosse to be good-looking; beau linge○ high society; fréquenter le beau linge to hang out○ with society types; beau parleur smooth talker; beau parti ( homme) eligible bachelor; ( femme) good match; épouser un beau parti to marry money; beau sexe fair sex; beaux jours ( beau temps) fine weather ¢; ( belle époque) good days; les beaux jours sont arrivés the fine weather is here; c'étaient les beaux jours those were the days; Beau Danube bleu Mus Blue Danube; bel esprit bel esprit; la Belle au Bois dormant Sleeping Beauty; Belle Époque Belle Époque; style Belle Époque Belle Époque style; belle page Imprim right-hand page; belle plante○ gorgeous specimen○; belle vie life of ease; c'est la belle vie! this is the life!; avoir la belle vie to live it up; belles années happy years.

Idiomes

faire le beau [chien] to sit up and beg; [personne] to show off; (se) faire la belle○ ( s'évader) to do a bunk○ GB, to take a powder○ US; l'avoir belle○ to have an easy life; en faire voir de belles○ à qn to give sb a hard time; c'est du beau○! iron lovely! iron; tout beau (tout beau)! ( pour calmer) easy (, easy)!; il ferait beau voir○ (qu'il vienne) I'd like to see the day (when he shows up)○.

[bo] (devant nom masculin commençant par voyelle ou 'h' muet bel [bɛl]) ( féminin belle [bɛl], pluriel masculin beaux [bo], pluriel féminin belles [bɛl]) adjectif

A.

1. [bien fait, joli - femme] beautiful, good-looking ; [ - homme] good-looking, handsome ; [ - enfant, physique, objet, décor] beautiful, lovely

il est beau garçon ou (familier) gosse he's good-looking, he's a good-looking guy

ils forment un beau couple they make a lovely couple

se faire beau/belle to get dressed up, to do oneself up

ce n'était pas beau à voir (familier) it wasn't a pretty sight

il est beau comme l'amour ou un ange ou un astre ou le jour

a. [homme] he's a very handsome ou good-looking man

b. [petit garçon] he's a very handsome ou good-looking boy

il est beau comme un dieu he looks like a Greek god

elle est belle comme un ange ou le jour she's a real beauty

sois belle et tais-toi! (familier) just concentrate on looking pretty!

2. [attrayant pour l'oreille - chant, mélodie, voix] beautiful, lovely

3. [remarquable, réussi - poème, texte] fine, beautiful ; [ - chanson, film] beautiful, lovely

de beaux vêtements fine clothes

le boucher a de la belle marchandise the butcher's got nice meat

il y a eu quelques beaux échanges there were a few good ou fine rallies

nous avons fait un beau voyage we had a wonderful trip

4. MÉTÉOROLOGIE fine, beautiful

la mer sera belle the sea will be calm

temps froid mais beau sur tout le pays the whole country will enjoy cold but sunny weather

du beau temps nice ou good weather

les derniers beaux jours the last days of summer

B.

1. [digne] noble, fine

une belle âme a noble nature

[convenable] nice

ce n'est pas beau de mentir! it's very naughty ou it's not nice to lie!

2. [brillant intellectuellement] wonderful, fine

c'est un beau sujet de thèse it's a fine topic for a thesis

3. [d'un haut niveau social] smart

faire un beau mariage

a. [argent] to marry into money ou a fortune

b. [classe] to marry into a very good family

le beau monde ou (familier) linge the upper crust, the smart set

C.

1. [gros, important - gains, prime, somme] nice, handsome, tidy

donnez-moi un beau melon/poulet give me a nice big melon/chicken

il a un bel appétit he has a good ou hearty appetite

un beau coup en Bourse a spectacular deal on the Stock Exchange

2. [en intensif]

je me suis fait une belle bosse I got a great big bump

il y a eu un beau scandale there was a huge scandal

un bel hypocrite a real hypocrite

il y a beau temps: il y a beau temps de ce que je te dis là (familier) what I'm telling you now happened ages ago

3. [agréable] good

présenter quelque chose sous un beau jour to show something in a good light

c'est trop beau pour être vrai it's too good to be true

c'est beau l'amour! love's a wonderful thing!

4. [prospère] good

tu as encore de belles années devant toi you still have quite a few good years ahead of you

avoir une belle situation

a. [argent] to have a very well-paid job

b. [prestige] to have a high-flying job

5. [dans des appellations]

venez, ma belle amie do come along, darling

alors, (ma) belle enfant, qu'en dis-tu? (familier) what do you think about that, my dear?

mon beau monsieur, personne ne vous a rien demandé! my friend, this is none of your business!

6. [certain]

un beau jour/matin one fine day/morning

D. (ironique)

belle demande! [saugrenue] what a question!

c'est du beau travail! a fine mess this is!

beaux discours: ils ont oublié tous leurs beaux discours they've forgotten all their fine ou fine-sounding words

garde tes belles promesses ou tes beaux serments! you can keep your promises!

j'en ai appris ou entendu de belles sur toi! I heard some fine ou right things about you!

il en a fait de belles quand il était petit! he didn't half get up to some mischief when he was little!

nous voilà beaux! we're in a fine mess now!

c'est bien beau tout ça, mais... that's all very fine ou well, but...

le plus beau (familier) : et tu ne sais pas le plus beau! and you haven't heard the best part (yet)!, and the best part's still to come!

beau adverbe

1. MÉTÉOROLOGIE

il fait beau the weather's ou it's fine

il fera beau et chaud it'll be warm and sunny

il n'a pas fait très beau l'été dernier the weather wasn't very nice ou good last summer

2. (locution)

il ferait beau voir qu'elle me donne des ordres! her, boss me around? that'll be the day!

avoir beau faire (quelque chose): j'avais beau tirer, la porte ne s'ouvrait pas however hard I pulled, the door wouldn't open

j'ai eu beau le lui répéter plusieurs fois, il n'a toujours pas compris I have told him and told him but he still hasn't understood

on a beau dire, on a beau faire, les jeunes s'en vont un jour de la maison (familier) whatever you do or say, young people eventually leave home

vous avez beau dire, elle a quand même tout financé elle-même say what you like ou you may criticize, but she's paid for it all herself

a beau mentir qui vient de loin (proverbe) it's easy to lie when there's nobody around to contradict you

tout beau: alors, vous signez? — hé, tout beau (tout beau)! you will sign then? — hey, steady on ou not so fast!

beau nom masculin

1. [esthétique]

elle aime le beau she likes beautiful things

[objets de qualité]

pour les meubles du salon, je veux du beau I want really good ou nice furniture for the living room

2. [homme] beau, dandy

3. (locution)

au beau: le temps est au beau the weather looks fine

au beau fixe: le temps/baromètre est au beau fixe the weather/barometer is set fair

nos relations sont au beau fixe (familier) things between us are looking rosy

il a le moral au beau fixe (familier) he's in high spirits

c'est du beau! (familier) : elle a dit un gros mot — c'est du beau! she said a rude word! — how naughty!

faire le beau [chien] to sit up and beg

belle nom féminin

1. [jolie femme] beauty

[dame] lady

‘la Belle et la Bête’ Madame Leprince de Beaumont, Cocteau ‘Beauty and the Beast’

‘la Belle au bois dormant’ Perrault ‘Sleeping Beauty’

2. (familier) [en appellatif]

tu te trompes, ma belle! you're quite wrong my dear!

3. (humoristique & littéraire) [amie, amante] lady friend, beloved

4. SPORT decider, deciding match

JEUX decider, deciding game

5. (familier & locution)

(se) faire la belle to do a runner (UK), to cut and run (US)

————————

au plus beau de locution prépositionnelle

au plus beau de la fête when the party was in full swing

au plus beau du discours right in the middle of the speech

bel et bien locution adverbiale

well and truly

elle s'est bel et bien échappée she got away and no mistake

bel et bon locution adjectivale,

bel et bonne locution adjectivale

fine

————————

de plus belle locution adverbiale

[aboyer, crier] louder than ever, even louder

[frapper] harder than ever, even harder

[taquiner, manger] more than ever, even more

il s'est mis à travailler de plus belle he went back to work with renewed energy

belle de Fontenay nom féminin

Belle de Fontenay potato

————————

belle page nom féminin

IMPRIMERIE right-hand page

chaque chapitre commence en belle page each chapter starts on the right-hand page

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > beau

9 beauty

beauty ['bju:tɪ] (pl beauties)

1 noun

(a) (loveliness) beauté f;

∎ a thing of beauty un objet d'une rare beauté;

∎ to spoil the beauty of sth déparer qch;

∎ proverb beauty is in the eye of the beholder ce qu'on aime est toujours beau;

∎ proverb beauty is only skin-deep la beauté n'est pas tout;

∎ humorous I need my beauty sleep j'ai besoin de mon compte de sommeil pour être frais le matin

(b) (beautiful person) beauté f;

∎ she's a/she's no beauty c'est une/ce n'est pas une beauté;

∎ the beauties of nature les merveilles fpl de la nature

(c) familiar (excellent thing) merveille^□ f;

∎ this new bike's a real beauty cette nouvelle bicyclette est une vraie merveille;

∎ familiar that black eye is a real beauty quel beau coquard!

(d) (attraction)

∎ the beauty of the system is its simplicity ce qui est bien dans ce système, c'est sa simplicité;

∎ that's the beauty of it c'est ça qui est formidable

2 compound-forming noun

(cream, product, treatment) de beauté

3 exclamation

British familiar

∎ (you) beauty! super!

►► beauty competition, beauty contest concours m de beauté;

British beauty parlour, American beauty parlor institut m de beauté;

beauty queen reine f de beauté;

beauty salon institut m de beauté;

American beauty shop institut m de beauté;

beauty specialist esthéticien(enne) m,f;

beauty spot (on skin) grain m de beauté; (artificial) mouche f; (scenic place) site m touristique;

beauty therapist esthéticien(enne) m,f

✾ Book ✾ Film 'Beauty and the Beast' Madame Leprince de Beaumont, Cocteau 'La Belle et la bête'

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > beauty

10 beauty

noun

1) no pl. Schönheit, die; (of action, response) Eleganz, die; (of idea, simplicity, sacrifice) Größe, die

beauty is only skin deep — man kann nicht nach dem Äußeren urteilen

2) (person or thing) Schönheit, die; (animal) wunderschönes Tier

she is a real beauty — sie ist wirklich eine Schönheit

3) (exceptionally good specimen) Prachtexemplar, das

that last goal was a beauty — dieses letzte Tor war ein Bilderbuchtor

4) (beautiful feature) Schöne, das

her eyes are her great beauty — das Schöne an ihr sind ihre Augen

the beauty of it/of living in California — das Schöne od. Gute daran/am Leben in Kalifornien

* * *
['bju:ti]
plural - beauties; noun

1) (a quality very pleasing to the eye, ear etc: Her beauty is undeniable.) die Schönheit

2) (a woman or girl having such a quality: She was a great beauty in her youth.) die Schönheit

3) (something or someone remarkable: His new car is a beauty!) das Prachtstück

•

- academic.ru/6068/beautiful">beautiful
- beautifully
- beautify
- beauty queen
- beauty salon
- beauty spot
* * *

beau·ty

[ˈbju:ti, AM -t̬i]

n

1. no pl (attractiveness) Schönheit f

haunting \beauty betörende Schönheit

natural [or scenic] \beauty landschaftliche Schönheit

2. (very attractive woman) Schönheit f, schöne Frau

3. ( fam: outstanding specimen) Prachtstück nt, Prachtexemplar nt

4. no pl (attraction)

the \beauty of our plan... das Schöne an unserem Plan...

5. ( iron fam: strong punch) Haken m

6.

▶ \beauty is in the eye of the beholder ( prov) über Geschmack lässt sich [bekanntlich] streiten fam, die Geschmäcker sind verschieden

▶ \beauty is only skin deep ( prov) es ist nicht alles Gold, was glänzt prov

▶ \beauty is truth, truth \beauty Schönheit ist Wahrheit und Wahrheit ist Schönheit

* * *
['bjuːtɪ]
n

1) Schönheit f

beauty is only skin-deep (prov) — der äußere Schein kann trügen

beauty is in the eye of the beholder (Prov) — schön ist, was (einem) gefällt

2) (= beautiful person) Schönheit f

Beauty and the Beast — die Schöne und das Tier

3) (= good example) Prachtexemplar nt

isn't it a beauty! — ist das nicht ein Prachtstück or Prachtexemplar?

4)

(= pleasing feature) the beauty of it is that... —

that's the beauty of it — das ist das Schöne daran

one of the beauties of this job is... — eine der schönen Seiten dieser Arbeit ist...

* * *

beauty [ˈbjuːtı] s

1. Schönheit f:

beauties of nature Naturschönheiten;

beauty is ( oder lies) in the eye of the beholder (Sprichwort) schön ist, was einem gefällt;

beauty is only ( oder but) skin-deep (Sprichwort)

a) der äußere Schein kann trügen, (mit Bezug auf Frauen auch) durch ein hübsches Gesicht hat sich schon mancher täuschen lassen,

b) Charakter ist wichtiger als Schönheit

2. umg (das) Schön(st)e:

the beauty of it is that … das Schöne daran ist, dass …;

that is the beauty of it all das ist das Schönste an der ganzen Sache

3. umg (of von) Gedicht n, Prachtstück n, (auch iron) Prachtexemplar n (auch Person, Tier etc)

4. Schönheit f (besonders Frau)

* * *

noun

1) no pl. Schönheit, die; (of action, response) Eleganz, die; (of idea, simplicity, sacrifice) Größe, die

beauty is only skin deep — man kann nicht nach dem Äußeren urteilen

2) (person or thing) Schönheit, die; (animal) wunderschönes Tier

she is a real beauty — sie ist wirklich eine Schönheit

3) (exceptionally good specimen) Prachtexemplar, das

that last goal was a beauty — dieses letzte Tor war ein Bilderbuchtor

4) (beautiful feature) Schöne, das

her eyes are her great beauty — das Schöne an ihr sind ihre Augen

the beauty of it/of living in California — das Schöne od. Gute daran/am Leben in Kalifornien

* * *

n.

Schönheit f.

English-german dictionary > beauty

11 ὅμοιος

ὅμοιος, οία, οιον (ὁμός, ‘common’; Hom.+.—On the accent s. B-D-F §13; Mlt-H. 58. On ἡ ὅμοιος Rv 4:3b s. a below and B-D-F §59, 2; Mlt-H. 157) of the same nature, like, similar.

ⓐ w. dat. of pers. or thing compared (this is the rule Hom. et al.) ὅμ. αὐτῷ ἐστιν he looks like him J 9:9.—χρυσῷ ἢ ἀγρύρῳ … τὸ θεῖον εἶναι ὅμ. divinity is like gold or silver Ac 17:29. τὰ ὅμ. τούτοις things like these Gal 5:21; cp. Hm 8:5, 10; 12, 3, 1; (w. παραπλήσιος) 6, 2, 5. ὅμ. ὁράσει λίθῳ ἰάσπιδι similar in appearance to jasper Rv 4:3a; cp. 3b (here ὁμ. is an adj. of two endings, as Aesop, Fab. 63a H.=59a, 4 Ch. στήλην ὅμοιον). ὅμ. τῇ ἰδέᾳ similar in appearance Hs 9, 3, 1.—Rv 1:15; 2:18; 4:6f; 9:7, 19; 11:1; 13:2; 21:11, 18; 1 Cl 35:9 (Ps 49:21); 7:10a; Dg 2:2f; Hs 9, 19, 2; 9, 21, 2. ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπων σκεύη ὅμοια γενέσθαι τοῖς λοιποῖς to be made by human hands into vessels like the others Dg 2:4. ἄλλος ὅμ. ἐμοί any other like me Pol 3:2. ὅμ. τοῖς φαρμάκοις like the poisoners or magicians Hv 3, 9, 7 (cp. the vice list Physiogn. I 327, 15). ἡ καταστροφὴ ὁμ. καταιγίδι the downfall is like a wind-storm 1 Cl 57:4 (cp. Pr 1:27). ὅμοιοι αὐτῷ ἐσόμεθα we shall be like (God) 1J 3:2 (cp. Herm. Wr. 11, 5 ὅμ. τῷ θεῷ; Orig., C. Cels. 4, 30, 10). ὁ τούτοις τὰ ὅμ. ποιῶν the one who does such things as these Hs 6, 5, 5. τὸν ὅμοιον τρόπον τούτοις in the same way as they Jd 7. ἔσομαι ὅμοιος ὑμῖν ψεύστης I should be like you, a liar J 8:55 (ὅ. αὐτῷ every living thing has affection for ‘what is akin to itself’ Sir 13:15; 28:4 of one who has no pity for a fellow human). Freq. in parables like ὁμ. ἐστίν it is like (Aristippus in Diog. L. 2, 79 in a parable: τὶς ὅμοιός ἐστί τινι; Philosoph. Max 485, 2 M ἡ παιδεία ὁμοία ἐστὶ χρυσῷ στεφάνῳ) Mt 11:16; 13:31, 33, 44f, 47, 52; 20:1; Lk 6:47–49; 7:31f; 12:36; 13:18f, 21. οἵτινές εἰσιν ὅμοιοι χοίροις (-ρων v.l.) like swine 10:3. In brachylogy Rv 9:10. κέρατα δύο ὅμοια ἀρνίῳ 13:11.—In a special sense equally great or important, as powerful as, equal (to) (Gen 2:20; Jos., Ant. 8, 364; cp. the Lat. motto ‘nec pluribus impar’) τίς ὅμ. τῷ θηρίῳ, καὶ τίς δύναται πολεμῆσαι μετʼ αὐτοῦ; who is a match for the beast, and who is able to fight it? Rv 13:4. τίς ὁμ. τῇ πόλει τῇ μεγάλῃ; 18:18. δευτέρα (i.e. ἐντολή) ὁμοία αὐτῇ (i.e. τῇ πρώτῃ) a second, just as great as this one Mt 22:39; Mk 12:31 v.l.

ⓑ w. gen. of comparison (Theophr., HP 9, 11, 11; Hero Alex. I p. 60, 16; Aelian, HA 8, 1 τέτταρας ὁμοίους ἐκείνου κύνας; PIand VI, 97, 9 [III A.D.]; Cat. Cod. Astr. VIII/3 p. 197, 16 ὅμ. ὄφεως; Sir 13:16; Tat. 14:2.—Kühner-G. I 413, 10; B-D-F §182, 4; Rob. 530) ἔσομαι ὅμ. ὑμῶν ψεύστης J 8:55 v.l. (for ὑμῖν; cp. a above; Rydbeck, 46–49). φεῦγε ἀπὸ παντὸς πονηροῦ καὶ ἀπὸ παντὸς ὁμοίου αὐτοῦ avoid evil of any kind, and everything resembling it D 3:1 v.l.; 10:3 s. above.

ⓒ The acc. of comparison appears to be a solecism and nothing more in ὅμ. υἱὸν ἀνθρώπου one like a human being Rv 1:13; 14:14 (both have υἱῷ as v.l.), but s. RCharles, comm. ad loc.—B-D-F §182, 4; Rob. 530.

ⓓ abs. τράγοι ὅμ. goats that are alike B 7:6, 10b (Just., D. 40, 4). ὅμοιοι ἐγένοντο λευκοί they all alike became white Hs 9, 4, 5. (τὰ δένδρα) ξηρά εἰσι καὶ ὅμοια (the trees) are all alike dry = one is as dry as the other 3:2a; cp. vs. 1b. ὅμοια ἦν πάντα they (the trees) were all alike 3:1a; cp. vs. 2b and 3ab. (Of dissidents: ὅμοια μὲν [viz. ἡμῖν, to us] λαλοῦντες, ἀνόμοια δὲ φρονοῦντες Iren. 1, prol. 2 [Harv. I 4, 5].)—B. 912. Schmidt, Syn. IV 471–87, cp. ἴσος. DELG. M-M. TW.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὅμοιος

12 beauty

beauty

A n

1 ( quality) beauté f ; to spoil ou mar the beauty of nuire à la beauté de ;

2 ( woman) beauté f ;

3 ( beautiful feature) the beauties of les beautés de [nature, landscape] ;

4 ( advantage) the beauty of the system is that… ce qu'il y a de bien dans ce système, c'est que… ; that's the beauty of it c'est ce que cela a de bien ;

5 ( perfect example) a beauty of a goal/car un but/une voiture superbe ; that's a real beauty hum c'est un modèle du genre!

B modif [contest, product, treatment] de beauté.

Idioms

age before beauty ≈ c'est le bénéfice de l'âge ; beauty is in the eye of the beholder Prov rien n'est laid pour celui qui aime ; Beauty and the Beast la Belle et la Bête.

Big English-French dictionary > beauty

13 קולמוס

קוֹלְמוֹסm. (calamus) reed, writing pen. Sabb.92b שנים … בק׳ כותבין if two take hold … of a pen and write; Tosef. ib. IX (X), 10; Sifra Vayiḳra, Ḥob., ch. IX, Par. 7. Sabb.I, 3 בקוֹלְמוֹסוֹ; Y. ib. 3b, v. לִבְלָר. Taan.20b לפיכך זכה קנה … ק׳וכ׳ therefore (because of its yielding nature) the reed was privileged to supply the pen with which to write the Torah Tanḥ. Ki Thissa 37 עד שמשה … נשתייר בק׳וכ׳ when Moses wrote the Torah, something (of the fire-ink) was left in the pen, and he passed it over his head Pes.118b (ref. to Ps. 68:31) געור בחיה … בק׳ אחד rebuke the beast (Rome) all of whose deeds are written down with the same pen (of tyranny); a. fr.Ḥull.30b שחיטה העשויה כק׳ a cut (of the animals throat) shaped like the cut of a writing reed (slanting).Pl. קוֹלְמוֹסִים, קוֹלְמוֹסִין. Y.Sabb.XII, 13c bot. כמין ק׳ היו עשויין the boards were cut like pens (thinner and slanting on top). Gen. R. s. 58, a. e. כמה ק׳ משתברין how many pens were broken, v. דְּיוֹ. Tosef.Kel.B. Bath.VII, 12 הק׳ metal pens (styluses; Kel. XII, 8 sing.). Sabb.11a אם יהיו … ואנמים ק׳וכ׳ if all seas were ink, and all reeds pens ; Ab. dR. N. ch. XXV קלְמוֹסִים (ed. Schechter קול׳, Var. קוּלְמְסִין).

Jewish literature > קולמוס

14 קוֹלְמוֹס

קוֹלְמוֹסm. (calamus) reed, writing pen. Sabb.92b שנים … בק׳ כותבין if two take hold … of a pen and write; Tosef. ib. IX (X), 10; Sifra Vayiḳra, Ḥob., ch. IX, Par. 7. Sabb.I, 3 בקוֹלְמוֹסוֹ; Y. ib. 3b, v. לִבְלָר. Taan.20b לפיכך זכה קנה … ק׳וכ׳ therefore (because of its yielding nature) the reed was privileged to supply the pen with which to write the Torah Tanḥ. Ki Thissa 37 עד שמשה … נשתייר בק׳וכ׳ when Moses wrote the Torah, something (of the fire-ink) was left in the pen, and he passed it over his head Pes.118b (ref. to Ps. 68:31) געור בחיה … בק׳ אחד rebuke the beast (Rome) all of whose deeds are written down with the same pen (of tyranny); a. fr.Ḥull.30b שחיטה העשויה כק׳ a cut (of the animals throat) shaped like the cut of a writing reed (slanting).Pl. קוֹלְמוֹסִים, קוֹלְמוֹסִין. Y.Sabb.XII, 13c bot. כמין ק׳ היו עשויין the boards were cut like pens (thinner and slanting on top). Gen. R. s. 58, a. e. כמה ק׳ משתברין how many pens were broken, v. דְּיוֹ. Tosef.Kel.B. Bath.VII, 12 הק׳ metal pens (styluses; Kel. XII, 8 sing.). Sabb.11a אם יהיו … ואנמים ק׳וכ׳ if all seas were ink, and all reeds pens ; Ab. dR. N. ch. XXV קלְמוֹסִים (ed. Schechter קול׳, Var. קוּלְמְסִין).

Jewish literature > קוֹלְמוֹס

15 bruto

adj.

1 stupid, blockhead, ignorant, brute.

2 raw.

3 animal, beast.

4 brute, impetuous.

5 gross.

m.

1 brute, beast, oaf.

2 Brutus, Marcus Junius Brutus.

* * *

bruto

► adjetivo

1 (cruel) brutal

2 (necio) stupid, thick

3 (tosco) rough, coarse

4 (torpe) clumsy

5 (grosero) rude

6 (sueldo etc) gross

7 (peso) gross

8 (piedra) rough, uncut

9 (petróleo) crude

► nombre masculino,nombre femenino

1 (persona - violenta) brute, beast; (necio) ignoramus; (grosero) rude person

► nombre masculino bruto

1 (animal) beast

————————

bruto

► nombre masculino

1 (animal) beast

* * *
1. (f. - bruta)
adj.

1) gross, raw

2) brutish, stupid
2. (f. - bruta)
noun

brute, beast

* * *

SM Brutus

* * *
I
- ta adjetivo

1) < persona>

a) ( ignorante) ignorant

b) ( grosero) uncouth

c) (violento, brusco)

qué hombre más bruto! ha vuelto a pegarle — what a brute! o what an animal! he's hit her again

2) <peso/sueldo> gross

en bruto — < diamante> uncut; < mineral> crude
II
- ta masculino, femenino

a) ( ignorante) ignorant person

¿cómo aprobaron a un bruto como él? — how could they pass someone as ignorant o as stupid as him?

b) ( grosero)

es un bruto — he's very rude

c) ( persona violenta) brute, animal

* * *

= grossed-up, crude [cruder -comp., crudest -sup.], brute, brutish.

Ex. Applying a factor of 1.441 for 1979 to give the grossed-up estimates, the total grossed-up turnover figure for the year was Table 3.

Ex. Some unfortunate children grow up as readers of James Bond, of dashing thrillers and the blood-and-guts of crude war stories.

Ex. It is often held that brute animals cannot have legal rights.

Ex. In his most famous work, the Leviathan, Hobbes famously argued that life in the state of nature is 'solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short'.

----

* datos en bruto = raw data.

* estimación bruta = grossed-up estimate.

* fuerza bruta = brute power.

* ganancia bruta = gross profit.

* hierro bruto = pig iron.

* hierro en bruto = pig iron.

* * *
I
- ta adjetivo

1) < persona>

a) ( ignorante) ignorant

b) ( grosero) uncouth

c) (violento, brusco)

qué hombre más bruto! ha vuelto a pegarle — what a brute! o what an animal! he's hit her again

2) <peso/sueldo> gross

en bruto — < diamante> uncut; < mineral> crude
II
- ta masculino, femenino

a) ( ignorante) ignorant person

¿cómo aprobaron a un bruto como él? — how could they pass someone as ignorant o as stupid as him?

b) ( grosero)

es un bruto — he's very rude

c) ( persona violenta) brute, animal

* * *

= grossed-up, crude [cruder -comp., crudest -sup.], brute, brutish.

Ex: Applying a factor of 1.441 for 1979 to give the grossed-up estimates, the total grossed-up turnover figure for the year was Table 3.

Ex: Some unfortunate children grow up as readers of James Bond, of dashing thrillers and the blood-and-guts of crude war stories.

Ex: It is often held that brute animals cannot have legal rights.

Ex: In his most famous work, the Leviathan, Hobbes famously argued that life in the state of nature is 'solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short'.

* datos en bruto = raw data.

* estimación bruta = grossed-up estimate.

* fuerza bruta = brute power.

* ganancia bruta = gross profit.

* hierro bruto = pig iron.

* hierro en bruto = pig iron.

* * *

bruto¹ -ta

adjective

A ‹persona›

1 (ignorante) bestia¹ adj A 1. (↑ bestia (1))

2 (grosero) bestia¹ adj A 2. (↑ bestia (1))

3

(violento, brusco): ¡ay, perdón! ¡qué bruto que soy! oh, sorry! I'm so clumsy o careless!

¡qué hombre más bruto! ha vuelto a pegarle what a brute! o an animal! he's hit her again

B ‹peso/sueldo› gross

en bruto ‹diamante› uncut;

‹mineral› crude

C ( delante del n)

( RPl fam) (enorme): gana bruto sueldo she earns a hell of a salary ( colloq), she earns a terrific o an enormous o an incredible salary

bruto² -ta

masculine, feminine

1 (ignorante) ignorant person

¿cómo aprobaron a un bruto como él? how could they pass someone as ignorant o as stupid as him?

2

(grosero): es un bruto he's very rude

3 (persona violenta) brute, animal

el bruto de su primo lo empujó por las escaleras that brute o lout of a cousin of his pushed him down the stairs

noble¹ (↑ noble (1))

* * *

Multiple Entries:
Bruto
bruto
bruto
◊ -ta adjetivo

1 ‹ persona›
a) ( ignorante) ignorant

b) (violento, brusco):

◊ ¡qué bruto! what a brute!

2 ‹peso/sueldo› gross;
◊ en bruto ‹ diamante› uncut;

‹ mineral› crude
■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
a) ( ignorante) ignorant person

b) ( persona violenta) brute, animal

bruto,-a
I adjetivo
1 (poco inteligente) stupid, thick
2 (grosero) coarse, uncouth
3 (sin descuentos) gross
4 (peso) gross 5 diamante en bruto, uncut diamond
fig (persona) rough diamond
II sustantivo masculino y femenino blockhead, brute
' bruto' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bruta
- PIB
- PNB
- producto
- salvaje
- troglodita
- vándala
- vándalo
- bárbaro
- peso
English:
beast
- brute
- brutish
- GDP
- GNP
- gross
- Gross National Product
- pig-ignorant
- thug
- uncut
- unrefined

* * *

Bruto n pr

Brutus

* * *

bruto

I adj

1 brutish;

a lo bruto using brute force

2 ( inculto) ignorant

3 ( torpe) clumsy

4 COM gross;

peso bruto gross weight

5 diamante uncut;

en bruto petróleo crude;

II m, bruta f brute; ( idiota) idiot

* * *

bruto, -ta adj

1) : gross

peso bruto: gross weight

ingresos brutos: gross income

2) : unrefined

petróleo bruto: crude oil

3) : brutish, stupid

bruto, -ta n

1) : brute

2) : dunce, blockhead

* * *

bruto¹ adj

1. (estúpido) stupid [comp. stupider; superl. stupidest] / thick

no seas bruto: la llave se mete al revés don't be stupid: the key goes in the other way

2. (bestia) rough

¡qué bruto eres: me has hecho daño! you're so rough: you've hurt me!

3. (peso, ingresos) gross

el producto nacional bruto the gross national product

bruto² n

1. (idiota) idiot

2. (bestia) brute

Spanish-English dictionary > bruto

16 див

1. wild

див гълъб woodpigeon. ringdove

див заек hare

див звяр wild beast

див кестен horse-chestnut

див край wild country

див петел wood-grouse, capercailye, capercailzie

дива котка wild cat, catamount, cata-mountain

див а кокошка moorhen

див a гъска wild-goose

дива лоза Virginia creeper

дива патица wild-duck; mallard

дива природа wild nature

дива местност wild/rugged country

дива свиня (wild) boar

дива теменуга heartsease

дива ябълка crab, ( плод) crab (apple)

диво състояние native state

раста в диво състояние grow wild/naturally, grow in a state of nature

2. (първобитен, некултурен) savage, wild, primitive, uncivilized

диви племена savage tribes

3. (буен, необуздан) wild, uncontrolled, unrestrained, unruly, intractable, ungovernable

див петел прен. wildcat

див човек Tartar

диви страсти wild passions

4. (необщителен) unsociable, shy

* * *

див,

прил.

1. wild; ( неопитомен) feral; \див гълъб wood pigeon, ringdove; \див заек hare; \див звяр wild beast; \див кестен horse-chestnut; \див край wild country; \див петел wood-grouse, capercailye, capercailzie; \дива гъска wild-goose; \дива кокошка moorhen; \дива котка wild cat, catamount, catamountain; \дива лоза Virginia creeper; \дива местност wild/rugged country; \дива патица wild-duck; mallard; \дива природа wild nature; \дива свиня (wild) boar; \дива теменуга heartsease; \дива ябълка crab, ( плод) crab-(-apple); \диви животни beasts of the field; \диво състояние native state; ferity; раста в \диво състояние grow wild/naturally, grow in a state of nature;

2. ( първобитен, некултурен) savage, wild, primitive, uncivilized;

3. ( буен, необуздан) wild, uncontrolled, unrestrained, unruly, intractable, ungovernable; \див петел прен. wildcat; \див човек Tartar;

4. ( необщителен) unsociable, shy.

* * *

barbarous ; frenzied {`frenzi;d}; natural ; orgiastic ; wild {waild}: a див beast - див звяр, див nature - дива природа

* * *
1. (буен, необуздан) wild, uncontrolled, unrestrained, unruly, intractable, ungovernable 2. (необщителен) unsociable, shy 3. (първобитен, некултурен) savage, wild, primitive, uncivilized 4. wild 5. ДИВ a гъска wild-goose 6. ДИВ а кокошка moorhen 7. ДИВ гълъб woodpigeon. ringdove 8. ДИВ заек hare 9. ДИВ звяр wild beast 10. ДИВ кестен horse-chestnut 11. ДИВ край wild country 12. ДИВ петел wood-grouse, capercailye, capercailzie 13. ДИВ петел прен. wildcat 14. ДИВ човек Tartar 15. ДИВa котка wild cat, catamount, cata-mountain 16. ДИВa лоза Virginia creeper 17. ДИВa местност wild/rugged country 18. ДИВa патица wild-duck;mallard 19. ДИВa природа wild nature 20. ДИВa свиня (wild) boar 21. ДИВa теменуга heartsease 22. ДИВa ябълка crab, (плод) crab (apple) 23. ДИВo състояние native state 24. ДИВи племена savage tribes 25. ДИВи страсти wild passions 26. раста в ДИВо състояние grow wild/naturally, grow in a state of nature

Български-английски речник > див

17 Mensch

m; -en, -en

1. als Gattung: human being; der Mensch man, homo sapiens; (die Menschheit) mankind; die Menschen man Sg., humans; ich bin auch nur ein Mensch I’m only human; das sind doch keine Menschen mehr! they’re no longer human, they’re just animals; eine Seele von Mensch sein have a heart of gold; sich anstellen wie der erste Mensch umg. act as if one hasn’t a clue, pretend to be stupid; Menschen fressende Tiere man-eating animals; kein Mensch mehr sein umg., fig. be completely dead; nur noch ein halber Mensch sein umg., fig. be half dead; wieder Mensch sein umg., fig. be back among the living; denken

2. (Person) person, man, weiblich: woman; ( die) Menschen people; als Mensch ist er in Ordnung etc. as a person ( oder human being) he’s OK etc.; mit jemandem von Mensch zu Mensch reden have a heart-to-heart (talk) with s.o.; Mann auch: talk to s.o. man to man; gern unter Menschen sein enjoy company, be the sociable type; kein Mensch nobody, not a soul; ein neuer Mensch werden (sich wandeln) become a different person; des Menschen Wille ist sein Himmelreich Sprichw. do what you like if it makes you happy

3. umg., als Interj., erstaunt: goodness!, gosh!; vorwurfsvoll: for goodness’ (Sl. Christ’s) sake!; begeistert: wow!; Mensch, pass doch auf! hey, look what you’re doing!; Mensch Meier! good grief!; Mensch, das ist ja super! wow, that’s fantastic!

—

Mensch2

n; -(e)s, -er; Dial., meist pej. female

* * *

der Mensch

human; man; human being

* * *
Mẹnsch I [mɛnʃ]
m -en, -en

1) (= Person) person, man/woman

ein anderer Mensch werden — to become a different person or man/woman

ein neuer Mensch werden — to become a new person or man/woman

von Mensch zu Mensch — man-to-man/woman-to-woman

es war kein Mensch da — there was nobody there, there was not a soul there

als Mensch — as a person

des Menschen Wille ist sein Himmelreich (Prov) — do what you want if it makes you happy (inf)

das konnte kein Mensch ahnen! — no-one ( on earth) could have foreseen that!

viel unter ( die) Menschen kommen — to meet a lot of people, to get around (a lot)

man muss die Menschen nehmen, wie sie sind — you have to take people as they are or come

Aktion Mensch — charity for people with disabilities

2)

(als Gattung) der Mensch — man

die Menschen — man sing, human beings pl, people pl

die Ruritanier sind gutmütige Menschen — the Ruritanians are a good-natured race or are good-natured people

ein Tier, das keine Menschen mag — an animal that doesn't like people or humans

Mensch bleiben (inf) — to stay human

ich bin auch nur ein Mensch! — I'm only human

wer so etwas macht, ist kein Mensch mehr — somebody who does something like that is not human

wie die ersten or letzten Menschen (inf) — like animals

Mensch und Tier — man and beast

alle Menschen müssen sterben — we are all mortal

alle Menschen haben tierische Gelüste — all human beings have animal cravings

See:

= menschenverachtend

3)

(= die Menschheit) die Menschen — mankind, man, humankind (esp US)

des Menschen Sohn (Bibl) — the Son of Man

Jesus ist gekommen, um die Menschen zu retten — Jesus came to save mankind or humankind (esp US)

alle Menschen — everyone

so sind die Menschen — that's human nature

4) (inf als Interjektion) hey; (erstaunt) hey, wow, blimey (Brit sl)

Mensch, hat die Beine! — hey or wow! has she got a pair of legs! (inf)

Mensch, das habe ich ganz vergessen — damn, I completely forgot (inf)

Mensch, da habe ich mich aber getäuscht — boy, was I wrong! (inf)

Mensch, habe ich mich beeilt/geärgert! — boy, did I rush/was I angry! (inf)

Mensch Meier! — golly! (dated inf), gosh! (dated inf)
II
nt -(e)s, -er (sl)
cow (inf); (gemein) bitch (sl)
* * *

der

1) (a person: Animals may behave like that, but human beings shouldn't.) human being

2) (a person: Humans are not as different from animals as we might think.) human

3) (human beings taken as a whole; the human race: the development of man.) man

* * *

Mensch¹

<-en, -en>

[ˈmɛnʃ]

m

1. (menschliches Lebewesen)

▪ der \Mensch man no pl, no art

▪ die \Menschen pl man no pl, no art, human beings pl

ich bin auch nur ein \Mensch! I'm only human!

man muss die \Menschen nehmen, wie sie sind you have to take people as they are

\Mensch bleiben to stay human

\Menschen fressend man-eating

das Gute im \Menschen the good in man

kein \Mensch mehr sein (unmenschlich) to be no longer human; (fam: völlig erschöpft) to be all in

das sind doch keine \Menschen mehr! they are a pack of animals!

2. (Person) person, man/woman

▪ \Menschen pl people pl

unter [die] \Menschen gehen to mix with people

sie sollte mehr unter \Menschen gehen she should mix with people [or socialize] [or get out] more

[viel] unter \Menschen kommen to get out [a lot], to meet [a lot of] people

kein \Mensch no one, nobody

das konnte kein \Mensch ahnen! no one cold have foreseen that!

es war kein \Mensch da there was no one [or not a soul] there

3. (die Menschheit)

▪ der \Mensch man no pl, no art

▪ die \Menschen pl mankind sing, no art

Jesus ist gekommen, um die \Menschen zu retten Jesus came to save mankind

so sind die \Menschen that's how people are, that's human nature

alle \Menschen everyone, everybody

des \Menschen Sohn REL the Son of Man

\Mensch und Tier man and beast

4.

▶ \Mensch! (fam: bewundernd, erstaunt) wow! fam, cor [blimey]! fam

\Mensch, war das anstrengend boy, was that exhausting

\Mensch, war das ein Glück! boy, that was a piece of luck!

\Mensch, verschwinde! hey, clear off!

\Mensch, das habe ich ganz vergessen! blast, I completely forgot!

\Mensch, hast du dich verändert! good Lord, haven't you changed!

▶ ein anderer \Mensch werden to become a different person [or man/woman]

▶ \Mensch ärgere dich nicht (Brettspiel) ludo

▶ der \Mensch denkt, Gott lenkt (prov) man proposes, God disposes prov

▶ wie der erste [o letzte] \Mensch (fam) very awkwardly [or clumsily]

sich akk wie die ersten/letzten \Menschen benehmen to behave like cavemen [or Neanderthals]

wie der letzte \Mensch aussehen to look ridiculous

▶ nur ein halber \Mensch sein to feel incomplete

ohne dich bin ich nur ein halber \Mensch I'm lost without you

wenn sie nicht genügend geschlafen hat, ist sie nur ein halber \Mensch if she hasn't had enough sleep, she's not herself [or only half there]

▶ der Mensch lebt nicht vom Brot allein (prov) man does not live by bread alone prov

▶ \Mensch Meier! (sl) wow! fam, gosh! fam, good grief! fam

▶ ein neuer \Mensch werden to become a new man/woman [or person]

▶ wieder ein \Mensch sein to feel like a human being again

▶ hat der \Mensch Töne! (fam) can you believe it! fam

▶ des \Menschen Wille ist sein Himmelreich (prov) do what you want if it makes you happy

▶ von \Mensch zu \Mensch man to man/woman to woman

Mensch²

<-[e]s, -er>

[ˈmɛnʃ]

nt SÜDD (pej fam) female pej, madam pej, slut pej

* * *

der; Menschen, Menschen

1) (Gattung)

der Mensch — man

die Menschen — man sing.; human beings; mankind sing. no art.

nur noch ein halber Mensch sein — be just about all in

wieder ein Mensch sein — (ugs.) feel like a human being again

2) (Person) person; man/woman

Menschen — people

kein Mensch — no one

unter die Menschen gehen — mix with people

wie der erste Mensch/die ersten Menschen — extremely awkwardly

von Mensch zu Mensch — man to man/woman to woman

Mensch, ärgere dich nicht — (Gesellschaftsspiel) ludo

3) (salopp): (Anrede) (bewundernd) wow; (erstaunt) wow; good grief; (vorwurfsvoll) for heaven's sake

Mensch, war das ein Glück! — boy, that was a piece of luck!

Mensch Meier! — good grief!

* * *

Mensch¹ m; -en, -en

1. als Gattung: human being;

der Mensch man, homo sapiens; (die Menschheit) mankind;

die Menschen man sg, humans;

ich bin auch nur ein Mensch I’m only human;

das sind doch keine Menschen mehr! they’re no longer human, they’re just animals;

eine Seele von Mensch sein have a heart of gold;

sich anstellen wie der erste Mensch umg act as if one hasn’t a clue, pretend to be stupid;

Menschen fressende Tiere man-eating animals;

Menschen verachtend → menschenverachtend;

kein Mensch mehr sein umg, fig be completely dead;

nur noch ein halber Mensch sein umg, fig be half dead;

wieder Mensch sein umg, fig be back among the living; → denken

2. (Person) person, man, weiblich: woman;

(die) Menschen people;

als Mensch ist er in Ordnung etc as a person ( oder human being) he’s OK etc;

mit jemandem von Mensch zu Mensch reden have a heart-to-heart (talk) with sb; Mann auch: talk to sb man to man;

gern unter Menschen sein enjoy company, be the sociable type;

kein Mensch nobody, not a soul;

ein neuer Mensch werden (sich wandeln) become a different person;

des Menschen Wille ist sein Himmelreich sprichw do what you like if it makes you happy

3. umg, als int, erstaunt: goodness!, gosh!; vorwurfsvoll: for goodness’ (sl Christ’s) sake!; begeistert: wow!;

Mensch, pass doch auf! hey, look what you’re doing!;

Mensch Meier! good grief!;

Mensch, das ist ja super! wow, that’s fantastic!

Mensch² n; -(e)s, -er; dial, meist pej female

* * *

der; Menschen, Menschen

1) (Gattung)

der Mensch — man

die Menschen — man sing.; human beings; mankind sing. no art.

nur noch ein halber Mensch sein — be just about all in

wieder ein Mensch sein — (ugs.) feel like a human being again

2) (Person) person; man/woman

Menschen — people

kein Mensch — no one

unter die Menschen gehen — mix with people

wie der erste Mensch/die ersten Menschen — extremely awkwardly

von Mensch zu Mensch — man to man/woman to woman

Mensch, ärgere dich nicht — (Gesellschaftsspiel) ludo

3) (salopp): (Anrede) (bewundernd) wow; (erstaunt) wow; good grief; (vorwurfsvoll) for heaven's sake

Mensch, war das ein Glück! — boy, that was a piece of luck!

Mensch Meier! — good grief!

* * *

-en m.

human being n.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Mensch

18 bicho

m.

1 beast, animal (animal).

¿qué bicho le ha picado? what's up with him? (British), what's eating him? (United States)

2 little terror (pillo).

3 vermin, bug, insect, creepy-crawly.

4 scoundrel, vicious tongue.

* * *

bicho

► nombre masculino

1 (animal) animal, creature; (insecto) bug, creepy-crawly

2 (persona) odd character; (niño) little devil, little monkey

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

bicho raro oddball, weirdo

* * *

noun m.

bug, small animal

* * *

SM

1) (Zool) [gen] small animal; (=insecto) bug, creepy-crawly *; (Taur) bull; Cuba, Cono Sur (=gusano) maggot, grub; And (=serpiente) snake; LAm (=animal extraño) odd-looking creature

- de puro bicho

- matar el bicho

- tener bicho

- bicho malo nunca muere

2) pl bichos vermin sing, pests

3) * (=persona) oddball *

mal bicho — rogue, villain

es un mal bicho — he's a nasty piece of work, he's a rotter *

todo bicho viviente — every living soul, every man-jack of them

bicho raro — weirdo *

4) * pey (=niño) brat *

sí, bichito — yes, my love

5) CAm (=niño) child, little boy

6) And (=peste aviar) fowl pest

7) (Mil) squaddie *, recruit

8) Caribe (=chisme) what's-it *, thingummy *

9) CAm, Méx *** (=pene) prick ***

* * *

masculino

1) (fam)

a) ( insecto) insect, bug (colloq), creepy-crawly (colloq)

b) ( animal) animal, creature, critter (AmE colloq)

me picó or (Esp) ha picado un bicho — I've been bitten by something

todo bicho viviente — everyone

2) (fam) ( persona maligna) nasty piece of work (colloq), mean son of a bitch (AmE sl)

me miró como si fuera un bicho raro — he looked at me as if I was some kind of weirdo (colloq)

* * *

= critter, bug.

Ex. The article is entitled 'Dogs, ponies and conservation critters in Arizona'.

Ex. In this videotape, students learn about the similar characteristics that all bugs share and compare them to their close cousins, the arachnids.

----

* bicho malo = nasty piece of work.

* bicho raro = flake, freak, oddball [odd ball], kooky, rare bird, odd bird, odd fish, freak of nature, rare breed, weirdo, nerd, geek, nerdy [nerdier -comp., nerdiest -sup.], geeky [geekier -comp., geekiest -sup.].

* infestado de bichos = bug-ridden.

* todo bicho viviente = every living soul, everyone and their mother, every Tom, Dick and Harry.

* * *

masculino

1) (fam)

a) ( insecto) insect, bug (colloq), creepy-crawly (colloq)

b) ( animal) animal, creature, critter (AmE colloq)

me picó or (Esp) ha picado un bicho — I've been bitten by something

todo bicho viviente — everyone

2) (fam) ( persona maligna) nasty piece of work (colloq), mean son of a bitch (AmE sl)

me miró como si fuera un bicho raro — he looked at me as if I was some kind of weirdo (colloq)

* * *

= critter, bug.

Ex: The article is entitled 'Dogs, ponies and conservation critters in Arizona'.

Ex: In this videotape, students learn about the similar characteristics that all bugs share and compare them to their close cousins, the arachnids.

* bicho malo = nasty piece of work.

* bicho raro = flake, freak, oddball [odd ball], kooky, rare bird, odd bird, odd fish, freak of nature, rare breed, weirdo, nerd, geek, nerdy [nerdier -comp., nerdiest -sup.], geeky [geekier -comp., geekiest -sup.].

* infestado de bichos = bug-ridden.

* todo bicho viviente = every living soul, everyone and their mother, every Tom, Dick and Harry.

* * *

bicho¹

masculine

A

1 (insecto) ( fam); insect, bug ( colloq), creepy-crawly ( colloq)

2 (animal) ( fam); animal, creature, critter ( AmE colloq)

me ha picado algún bicho I've been bitten

¿qué bicho te/le habrá picado? ( fam); what's biting o eating you/him? ( colloq)

Compuestos:

● bicho colorado

( RPl) tick

● bicho de luz

( RPl fam) firefly

B ( fam) (persona — maligna) nasty piece of work ( colloq), nasty character ( colloq), mean son of a bitch ( AmE sl)

(— fea): el pobre chico es un bicho the poor guy is so ugly …

es un bicho raro he's an oddball o a queer fish ( colloq)

me miró como si fuera un bicho raro he looked at me as if I was from another planet ( colloq)

no había bicho viviente en la calle there wasn't a living soul on the street

todo bicho viviente everyone

bicho malo nunca muere ( Esp); the devil looks after his own

no comas eso que te hará mal — no te preocupes, bicho malo nunca muere don't eat that, it'll make you ill — don't worry, I'm as tough as old leather o ( BrE) boots

C ( fam) (aparato) contraption ( colloq)

bicho²

interjection

( Ven fam) (expresando desagrado) ugh! ( colloq), yuck! ( colloq)

* * *

Del verbo bichar: ( conjugate bichar)

bicho es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

bichó es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

bicho sustantivo masculino
1 (fam)
a) ( insecto) bug (colloq), creepy-crawly (colloq)

b) ( animal) animal, creature;

me picó or (Esp) ha picado un bicho I've been bitten by something
2 (fam) ( persona) nasty piece of work (colloq);
◊ bicho raro weirdo (colloq);

todo bicho viviente everyone
bicho sustantivo masculino
1 (insecto) bug, insect
(animal) animal
(cebo) bait
2 (niño) little devil 3 (mal) bicho (persona perversa) nasty piece of work
fig fam bicho raro, weirdo: Pedro es un bicho raro, Pedro is a weirdo
fam hum bicho viviente, living soul: todo bicho viviente tiene un móvil, every mother's son has a mobile phone
' bicho' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
rara
- raro
English:
bug
- odd
- oddbod
- oddity
- oddball

* * *

bicho nm

1. [insecto] bug, creepy-crawly;

lo picó un bicho he was bitten by an insect;

Comp
Fam
¿qué bicho le ha picado? Br what's up with him?, US what's eating him?

Comp
RP bicho bolita [cochinilla] woodlouse; RP bicho de luz [gusano de luz] glow-worm
2. Fam [animal] beast, creature

3. Fam [persona]
(mal) bicho Br nasty piece of work, US real piece of work;
[pillo] little terror;
bicho raro weirdo

Comp
bicho viviente:
siempre está intentado ligar con todo bicho viviente he'll try to Br get off with o US hit on anything that moves;

no hay bicho viviente que se coma esto there isn't a creature alive that would eat that

4. RP Fam [apelativo] honey

5. Perú Fam [envidia, despecho] spite, envy;

de puro bicho out of pure spite

* * *

bicho

m

1 ( insecto) bug, Br tb

creepy-crawly;

¿qué bicho te ha picado? what’s eating you?;

no hay bicho viviente fam there isn’t a living soul

2 ( animal) creature;

(mal) bicho fig fam nasty piece of work;

bicho raro weirdo fam

* * *

bicho nm

: small animal, bug, insect

* * *

bicho n

1. (insecto) bug / creepy crawly [pl. creepy crawlies]

la planta está llena de bichos the plant is covered in creepy crawlies

2. (animal) animal

le gustan muchos los bichos he really likes animals

ser un bicho raro to be weird

Spanish-English dictionary > bicho

19 सत्त्वम् _sattvam

सत्त्वम् [सतो भावः] (Said to be m. also in the first ten senses)

1 Being, existence, entity.

-2 Nature, essence.

-3 Natural character, inborn disposition; अच्योष्ट सत्त्वान्नृपतिश्च्युताशः Bk.3.2.

-4 Life, spirit, breath, vitality, principle of vitality; उद्गतानीव सत्त्वानि बभूवुरमनस्विनाम् Rām.2.48.2; चित्रे निवेश्य परिकल्पित- सत्त्वयोगा Ś.2.1.

-5 Consciousness, mind, sense; वाक्च सत्वं च गोविन्द बुद्धौ संवेशितानि ते Mb.12.46.4; Bg.16.1; Bhāg.7.15.41.

-6 An embryo.

-7 Substance, thing, wealth.

-8 An elementary substance such as earth, air, fire &c.

-9 (also m.) A living or sentient being, animal, beast; वन्यान् विनेष्यन्निव दुष्टसत्त्वान् R.2.8;15.15; किं नो$पत्यनिर्विशेषाणि सत्वानि विप्रकरोषि Ś7; Māl.9; यश्चासूनपि संत्यजेत् करुणया सत्त्वार्थमभ्युद्यतः Nāg.2.1.

-1 An evil spirit, a demon, ghost; अद्य नूनं दशरथः सत्त्वमाविश्य भाषते Rām.2.33.1.

-11 Goodness, virtue, excellence.

-12 Truth, reality, certainty.

-13 Strength, energy, courage, vigour, power, inherent power, the stuff of which a person is made; निजमेव सत्त्वमुपकारि साम् Ki.18. 14; Mb.12.313.17; क्रियासिद्धिः सत्त्वे भवति महतां नोपकरणे Subhāṣ.; R.5.31; Mu.3.22.

-14 Wisdom, good sense.

-15 The quality of goodness or purity regarded as the highest of the three Guṇas q. v.; (it is said to predomi- nate most in gods and heavenly beings).

-16 A natural property or quality, characteristic.

-17 A noun, sub- stantive.

-18 Intellect (बुद्धि); अघ्राणमवितर्कं च सत्त्वं प्रविशते परम् Mb.12.24.18.

-19 The subtle body of indivi- dual soul (लिङ्गशरीर); गृहाणीव हि मर्त्यानामाहुर्देहानि पण्डिताः । कालेन विनियुज्यन्ते सत्त्वमेकं तु शाश्वतम् ॥ Mb.11.3.8.

-Comp. -अनुरूप a.

1 according to one's inborn disposition or inherent character; सर्वः कृच्छ्रगतो$पि वाञ्छति जनः सत्त्वानुरूपं फलम् Bh.2.3.

-2 according to one's means or wealth; सत्त्वानुरूपाहरणीकृतश्रीः R.7.32. (Malli's interpretation does not appear to suit the context).

-आत्मन् m. the indiv- idual soul (लिङ्गदेह); वशे तिष्ठति सत्त्वात्मा सततं योगयोगिनाम् Mb.12.253.6.

-उत्साहः 1 natural energy.

-2 energy and courage.

-उद्रेकः 1 excess of the quality of goodness.

-2 pre-eminence in strength or courage.

-गुणः the quality of purity or goodness.

-तनुः epithet of Viṣṇu; श्रेयांसि तत्र खलु सत्त्वतनोर्नृणां स्युः Bhāg.1.2.23.

-धातुः the animal sphere.

-धामन् epithet of Viṣṇu.

-योगः 1 dignity; Kau. A.1.9.

-2 association with life; चित्रे निवेश्य परिकल्पितसत्त्वयोगा Ś.2.1.

-लक्षणम् signs of pregnancy; तत्कथमिमामभिव्यक्तसत्त्वलक्षणां... प्रतिपत्स्ये Ś.5.

-लोकः a world of living beings.

-विप्लवः loss of consciousness.

-विहित 1 caused by nature.

-2 caused by goodness.

-3 virtuous, upright.

-संशुद्धिः f. purity or uprightness of nature; अभयं सत्त्वसंशुद्धिः Bg.16.1.

-संपन्न a.

1 en- dowed with goodness, virtuous.

-2 equable, even- minded.

-संप्लवः 1 loss of strength or vigour.

-2 uni- versal destruction.

-सारः 1 essence of strength.

-2 a very powerful person.

-स्थ a.

1 being in the nature of things.

-2 inherent in animals.

-3 animate.

-4 cha- racterized by goodness, good, excellent.

-स्थः a Yogi; कर्मस्था विषयं ब्रूयुः सत्त्वस्था समदर्शिनः Mb.12.238.6.

Sanskrit-English dictionary > सत्त्वम् _sattvam

20 πνεῦμα

πνεῦμα, ατος, τό (πνέω; Aeschyl., Pre-Socr., Hdt.+. On the history of the word s. Rtzst., Mysterienrel.³ 308ff).

① air in movement, blowing, breathing (even the glowing exhalations of a volcanic crater: Diod S 5, 7, 3)

ⓐ wind (Aeschyl. et al.; LXX, EpArist, Philo; Jos., Ant. 2, 343; 349; SibOr 8, 297) in wordplay τὸ πνεῦμα πνεῖ the wind blows J 3:8a (EpJer 60 πνεῦμα ἐν πάσῃ χώρᾳ πνεῖ. But s. TDonn, ET 66, ’54f, 32; JThomas, Restoration Qtrly 24, ’81, 219–24). ὀθόνη πλοίου ὑπὸ πνεύματος πληρουμένη MPol 15:2. Of God ὁ ποιῶν τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ πνεύματα who makes his angels winds Hb 1:7; 1 Cl 36:3 (both Ps 103:4).

ⓑ the breathing out of air, blowing, breath (Aeschyl. et al.; Pla., Tim. 79b; LXX) ὁ ἄνομος, ὅν ὁ κύριος Ἰησοῦς ἀνελεῖ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ 2 Th 2:8 (cp. Is 11:4; Ps 32:6).

② that which animates or gives life to the body, breath, (life-)spirit (Aeschyl. et al.; Phoenix of Colophon 1, 16 [Coll. Alex. p. 231] πν.=a breathing entity [in contrast to becoming earth in death]; Polyb. 31, 10, 4; Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 4 p. 394b, 8ff; PHib 5, 54 [III B.C.]; PGM 4, 538; 658; 2499; LXX; TestAbr A 17 p. 98, 19 [Stone p. 44] al.; JosAs 19:3; SibOr 4, 46; Tat. 4:2) ἀφιέναι τὸ πνεῦμα give up one’s spirit, breathe one’s last (Eur., Hec. 571; Porphyr., Vi. Plotini 2) Mt 27:50. J says for this παραδιδόναι τὸ πν. 19:3 (cp. ApcMos 31 ἀποδῶ τὸ πν.; Just., D. 105, 5). Of the return of the (life-)spirit of a deceased person into her dead body ἐπέστρεψεν τὸ πν. αὐτῆς Lk 8:55 (cp. Jdg 15:19). εἰς χεῖράς σου παρατίθεμαι τὸ πν. μου into your hands I entrust my spirit 23:46 (Ps 30:6; for alleged focus on ἐλπίζειν s. EBons, BZ 38, ’94, 93–101). κύριε Ἰησοῦ, δέξαι τὸ πνεῦμά μου Ac 7:59; composite of both passages AcPl Ha 10, 23 (cp. ApcMos 42). τὸ πν. μου ὁ δεσπότης δέξεται GJs 23:3 (on the pneuma flying upward after death cp. Epicharm. in Vorsokrat. 23 [=13, 4th ed.], B 9 and 22; Eur., Suppl. 533 πνεῦμα μὲν πρὸς αἰθέρα, τὸ σῶμα δʼ ἐς γῆν; PGM 1, 177ff τελευτήσαντός σου τὸ σῶμα περιστελεῖ, σοῦ δὲ τὸ πνεῦμα … εἰς ἀέρα ἄξει σὺν αὑτῷ ‘when you are dead [the angel] will wrap your body … and take your spirit with him into the sky’). τὸ σῶμα χωρὶς πν. νεκρόν ἐστιν Js 2:26. πν. ζωῆς ἐκ τ. θεοῦ εἰσῆλθεν ἐν αὐτοῖς (i.e. the prophet-witnesses who have been martyred) Rv 11:11 (cp. Ezk 37:10 v.l. εἰσῆλθεν εἰς αὐτοὺς πνεῦμα ζωῆς; vs. 5). Of the spirit that animated the image of a beast, and enabled it to speak and to have Christians put to death 13:15.—After a person’s death, the πν. lives on as an independent being, in heaven πνεύματα δικαὶων τετελειωμένων Hb 12:23 (cp. Da 3:86 εὐλογεῖτε, πνεύματα καὶ ψυχαὶ δικαίων, τὸν κύριον). According to non-biblical sources, the πν. are in the netherworld (cp. En 22:3–13; Sib Or 7, 127) or in the air (PGM 1, 178), where evil spirits can prevent them from ascending higher (s. ἀήρ2b). τοῖς ἐν φυλακῇ πνεύμασιν πορευθεὶς ἐκήρυξεν 1 Pt 3:19 belongs here if it refers to Jesus’ preaching to the spirits of the dead confined in Hades (so Usteri et al.; s. also JMcCulloch, The Harrowing of Hell, 1930), whether it be when he descended into Hades, or when he returned to heaven (so RBultmann, Bekenntnis u. Liedfragmente im 1 Pt: ConNeot11, ’47, 1–14).—CClemen, Niedergefahren zu den Toten 1900; JTurmel, La Descente du Christ aux enfers 1905; JMonnier, La Descente aux enfers 1906; HHoltzmann, ARW 11, 1908, 285–97; KGschwind, Die Niederfahrt Christi in die Unterwelt 1911; DPlooij, De Descensus in 1 Pt 3:19 en 4:6: TT 47, 1913, 145–62; JBernard, The Descent into Hades a Christian Baptism (on 1 Pt 3:19ff): Exp. 8th ser., 11, 1916, 241–74; CSchmidt, Gespräche Jesu mit seinen Jüngern: TU 43, 1919, 452ff; JFrings, BZ 17, 1926, 75–88; JKroll, Gott u. Hölle ’32; RGanschinietz, Katabasis: Pauly-W. X/2, 1919, 2359–449; Clemen² 89–96; WBieder, Die Vorstellung v. d. Höllenfahrt Jesu Chr. ’49; SJohnson, JBL 79, ’60, 48–51; WDalton, Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits ’65. S. also the lit. in Windisch, Hdb.² 1930, exc. on 1 Pt 3:20; ESelwyn, The First Ep. of St. Peter ’46 and 4c below.—This is prob. also the place for θανατωθεὶς μὲν σαρκὶ ζωοποιηθεὶς δὲ πνεύματι• ἐν ᾧ καὶ … 1 Pt 3:18f (some mss. read πνεύματι instead of πνεύμασιν in vs. 19, evidently in ref. to the manner of Jesus’ movement; πνεῦμα is that part of Christ which, in contrast to σάρξ, did not pass away in death, but survived as an individual entity after death; s. ἐν 7). Likew. the contrast κατὰ σάρκα … κατὰ πνεῦμα Ro 1:3f. Cp. 1 Ti 3:16.

③ a part of human personality, spirit

ⓐ when used with σάρξ, the flesh, it denotes the immaterial part 2 Cor 7:1; Col 2:5. Flesh and spirit=the whole personality, in its outer and inner aspects, oft. in Ign.: IMg 1:2; 13:1a; ITr ins; 12:1; IRo ins; ISm 1:1; IPol 5:1; AcPl Ant 13, 18 (=Aa I 237, 3).—In the same sense beside σῶμα, the body (Simplicius, In Epict. p. 50, 1; Ps.-Phoc. 106f; PGM 1, 178) 1 Cor 5:3–5; 7:34.—The inner life of humans is divided into ψυχὴ καὶ πνεῦμα (cp. Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 10 p. 370c τὶ θεῖον ὄντως ἐνῆν πνεῦμα τῇ ψυχῇ=a divine spirit was actually in the soul; Wsd 15:11; Jos., Ant. 1, 34; Tat. 13, 2; 15, 1 et al.; Ath. 27, 1. S. also Herm. Wr. 10, 13; 16f; PGM 4, 627; 630. ἐκ τριῶν συνεστάναι λέγουσι τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐκ ψυχῆς καὶ σώματος καὶ πνεύματος Did., Gen. 55, 14) Hb 4:12. Cp. Phil 1:27. τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ τὸ σῶμα 1 Th 5:23 (s. GMilligan, Thess. 1908, 78f; EvDobschütz in Meyer X⁷ 1909, 230ff; EBurton, Spirit, Soul, and Flesh 1918; AFestugière, La Trichotomie des 1 Th 5:23 et la Philos. gr.: RSR 20, 1930, 385–415; CMasson, RTP 33, ’45, 97–102; FGrant, An Introd. to NT Thought ’50, 161–66). σαρκί, ψυχῇ, πνεύματι IPhld 11:2.

ⓑ as the source and seat of insight, feeling, and will, gener. as the representative part of human inner life (cp. PGM 4, 627; 3 Km 20:5; Sir 9:9 al.; Just., D. 30, 1; Did., Gen. 232, 5) ἐπιγνοὺς ὁ Ἰησοῦς τῷ πν. αὐτοῦ Mk 2:8. ἀναστενάξας τῷ πν. αὐτοῦ λέγει 8:12 (s. ἀναστενάζω). ἠγαλλίασεν τὸ πν. μου Lk 1:47 (in parallelism w. ψυχή vs. 46, as Sir 9:9). ἠγαλλιάσατο τῷ πν. 10:21 v.l., Ἰησοῦς ἐνεβριμήσατο τῷ πν. J 11:33 (s. ἐμβριμάομαι 3); Ἰης. ἐταράχθη τῷ πν. 13:21. παρωξύνετο τὸ πν. αὐτοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ Ac 17:16; ζέων τῷ πν. with spirit-fervor 18:25 (s. ζέω). τὸ παιδίον ἐκραταιοῦτο πνεύματι Lk 1:80; 2:40 v.l.; ἔθετο ὁ Παῦλος ἐν τῷ πν. Paul made up his mind Ac 19:21 (some would put this pass. in 6c, but cp. Lk 1:66 and analogous formulations Hom. et al. in L-S-J-M s.v. τίθημι A6). προσκυνήσουσιν τῷ πατρὶ ἐν πνεύματι of the spiritual, i.e. the pure, inner worship of God, that has nothing to do w. holy times, places, appurtenances, or ceremonies J 4:23; cp. vs. 24b. πν. συντετριμμένον (Ps 50:19) 1 Cl 18:17; 52:4.—2 Cl 20:4; Hv 3, 12, 2; 3, 13, 2.—This usage is also found in Paul. His conviction (s. 5 below) that the Christian possesses the (divine) πνεῦμα and thus is different fr. all other people, leads him to choose this word in preference to others, in order to characterize a believer’s inner being gener. ᾧ λατρεύω ἐν τῷ πν. μου Ro 1:9. οὐκ ἔσχηκα ἄνεσιν τῷ πν. μου 2 Cor 2:13. Cp. 7:13. As a matter of fact, it can mean simply a person’s very self or ego: τὸ πνεῦμα συμμαρτυρεῖ τῷ πνεύματι ἡμῶν the Spirit (of God) bears witness to our very self Ro 8:16 (cp. PGM 12, 327 ἠκούσθη μου τὸ πνεῦμα ὑπὸ πνεύματος οὐρανοῦ). ἀνέπαυσαν τὸ ἐμὸν πν. καὶ τὸ ὑμῶν they have refreshed both me and you 1 Cor 16:18. ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰ. Χρ. μετά τοῦ πν. (ὑμῶν) Gal 6:18; Phil 4:23; Phlm 25. Cp. 2 Ti 4:22. Likew. in Ign. τὸ ἐμὸν πν. my (unworthy) self IEph 18:1; IRo 9:3; cp. 1 Cor 2:11a—On the relation of the divine Spirit to the believer’s spiritual self, s. SWollenweider, Der Geist Gottes als Selbst der Glaubenden: ZTK 93, ’96, 163–92.—Only a part of the inner life, i.e. that which concerns the will, is meant in τὸ μὲν πνεῦμα πρόθυμον, ἡ δὲ σὰρξ ἀσθενής Mt 26:41; Mk 14:38; Pol 7:2. That which is inferior, anxiety, fear of suffering, etc. is attributed to the σάρξ.—The mng. of the expr. οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι Mt 5:3 is difficult to determine w. certainty (cp. Pla., Ep. 7, 335a πένης ἀνὴρ τὴν ψυχήν. The dat. as τῇ ψυχῇ M. Ant. 6, 52; 8, 51). The sense is prob. those who are poor in their inner life, because they do not have a misdirected pride in their own spiritual riches (s. AKlöpper, Über den Sinn u. die ursprgl. Form der ersten Seligpreisung der Bergpredigt bei Mt: ZWT 37, 1894, 175–91; RKabisch, Die erste Seligpreisung: StKr 69, 1896, 195–215; KKöhler, Die ursprgl. Form der Seligpreisungen: StKr 91, 1918, 157–92; JBoehmer, De Schatkamer 17, 1923, 11–16, TT [Copenhagen] 4, 1924, 195–207, JBL 45, 1926, 298–304; WMacgregor, ET 39, 1928, 293–97; VMacchioro, JR 12, ’32, 40–49; EEvans, Theology 47, ’44, 55–60; HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 134ff; Betz, SM 116 n. 178 for Qumran reff.).

ⓒ spiritual state, state of mind, disposition ἐν ἀγάπῃ πνεύματί τε πραΰτητος with love and a gentle spirit 1 Cor 4:21; cp. Gal 6:1. τὸ πν. τοῦ νοὸς ὑμῶν Eph 4:23 (s. νοῦς 2a). ἐν τῷ ἀφθάρτῳ τοῦ ἡσυχίου πνεύματος with the imperishable (gift) of a quiet disposition 1 Pt 3:4.

④ an independent noncorporeal being, in contrast to a being that can be perceived by the physical senses, spirit (ELangton, Good and Evil Spirits ’42).

ⓐ God personally: πνεῦμα ὁ θεός J 4:24a (Ath. 16, 2; on God as a spirit, esp. in the Stoa, s. MPohlenz, D. Stoa ’48/49. Hdb. ad loc. Also Celsus 6, 71 [Stoic]; Herm. Wr. 18, 3 ἀκάματον μέν ἐστι πνεῦμα ὁ θεός).

ⓑ good, or at least not expressly evil spirits or spirit-beings (cp. CIG III, 5858b δαίμονες καὶ πνεύματα; Proclus on Pla., Cratyl. p. 69, 6; 12 Pasqu.; En 15:4; 6; 8; 10; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 15f [Stone p. 10, 15f] πάντα τὰ ἐπουράνια πνεύματα; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 26 [Stone p. 82] ὑψηλὸν πν.; PGM 3, 8 ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε, ἱερὸν πνεῦμα; 4, 1448; 3080; 12, 249) πνεῦμα w. ἄγγελος (cp. Jos., Ant. 4, 108; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 3, 33; 8, 12) Ac 23:8f. God is ὁ παντὸς πνεύματος κτίστης καὶ ἐπίσκοπος 1 Cl 59:3b.—Pl., God the μόνος εὐεργέτης πνεύματων 1 Cl 59:3a. Cp. 64 (s. on this Num 16:22; 27:16. Prayers for vengeance fr. Rheneia [Dssm., LO 351–55=LAE 423ff=SIG 1181, 2] τὸν θεὸν τὸν κύριον τῶν πνευμάτων; PGM 5, 467 θεὸς θεῶν, ὁ κύριος τῶν πν.; sim. the magic pap PWarr 21, 24; 26 [III A.D.]); the πατὴρ τῶν πνευμάτων Hb 12:9. Intermediary beings (in polytheistic terminology: δαίμονες) that serve God are called λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα Hb 1:14. In Rv we read of the ἑπτὰ πνεύματα (τοῦ θεοῦ) 1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6; s. ASkrinjar, Biblica 16, ’35, 1–24; 113–40.— Ghost Lk 24:37, 39.

ⓒ evil spirits (PGM 13, 798; 36, 160; TestJob 27, 2; ApcSed [both Satan]; AscIs 3:28; Just., D. 39, 6 al.; Ath. 25, 3), esp. in accounts of healing in the Synoptics: (τὸ) πνεῦμα (τὸ) ἀκάθαρτον (Just., D. 82, 3) Mt 12:43; Mk 1:23, 26; 3:30; 5:2, 8; 7:25; 9:25a; Lk 8:29; 9:42; 11:24; Rv 18:2. Pl. (TestBenj 5:2) Mt 10:1; Mk 1:27; 3:11; 5:13; 6:7; Lk 4:36; 6:18; Ac 5:16; 8:7; Rv 16:13; ending of Mk in the Freer ms.—τὸ πν. τὸ πονηρόν Ac 19:15f. Pl. (En 99:7; TestSim 4:9; 6:6, TestJud 16:1; Just., D. 76, 6) Lk 7:21; 8:2; Ac 19:12f.—πν. ἄλαλον Mk 9:17; cp. vs. 25b (s. ἄλαλος). πν. πύθων Ac 16:16 (s. πύθων). πν. ἀσθενείας Lk 13:11. Cp. 1 Ti 4:1b. πνεῦμα δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου (s. δαιμόνιον 2) Lk 4:33. πνεύματα δαιμονίων Rv 16:14 (in effect = personified ‘exhalations’ of evil powers; for the combination of πν. and δαιμ. cp. the love spell Sb 4324, 16f τὰ πνεύματα τῶν δαιμόνων τούτων).—Abs. of a harmful spirit Mk 9:20; Lk 9:39; Ac 16:18. Pl. Mt 8:16; 12:45; Lk 10:20; 11:26.—1 Pt 3:19 (s. 2 above) belongs here if the πνεύματα refer to hostile spirit-powers, evil spirits, fallen angels (so FSpitta, Christi Predigt an die Geister 1890; HGunkel, Zum religionsgesch. Verständnis des NT 1903, 72f; WBousset, ZNW 19, 1920, 50–66; Rtzst., Herr der Grösse 1919, 25ff; Knopf, Windisch, FHauck ad loc.; BReicke, The Disobedient Spirits and Christian Baptism ’46, esp. 54–56, 69).—Hermas also has the concept of evil spirits that lead an independent existence, and live and reign within the inner life of a pers.; the Holy Spirit, who also lives or would like to live there, is forced out by them (cp. TestDan 4) Hm 5, 1, 2–4; 5, 2, 5–8; 10, 1, 2. τὸ πν. τὸ ἅγιον … ἕτερον πονηρὸν πν. 5, 1, 2. These πνεύματα are ὀξυχολία 5, 1, 3; 5, 2, 8 (τὸ πονηρότατον πν.); 10, 1, 2; διψυχία 9:11 (ἐπίγειον πν. ἐστι παρὰ τοῦ διαβόλου); 10, 1, 2; λύπη 10, 1, 2 (πάντων τῶν πνευμάτων πονηροτέρα) and other vices. On the complicated pneuma-concept of the Mandates of Hermas s. MDibelius, Hdb. exc. on Hm 5, 2, 7; cp. Leutzsch, Hermas 453f n. 133.

⑤ God’s being as controlling influence, with focus on association with humans, Spirit, spirit as that which differentiates God fr. everything that is not God, as the divine power that produces all divine existence, as the divine element in which all divine life is carried on, as the bearer of every application of the divine will. All those who belong to God possess or receive this spirit and hence have a share in God’s life. This spirit also serves to distinguish Christians fr. all unbelievers (cp. PGM 4, 1121ff, where the spirit is greeted as one who enters devotees and, in accordance w. God’s will, separates them fr. themselves, i.e. fr. the purely human part of their nature); for this latter aspect s. esp. 6 below.

ⓐ the Spirit of God, of the Lord (=God) etc. (LXX; TestSim 4:4; JosAs 8:11; ApcSed 14:6; 15:6; ApcMos 43; SibOr 3, 701; Ps.-Phoc. 106; Philo; Joseph. [s. c below]; apolog. Cp. Plut., Numa 4, 6 πνεῦμα θεοῦ, capable of begetting children; s. παρθένος a) τὸ πν. τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:11b, 14; 3:16; 6:11; 1J 4:2a (Just., D. 49, 3; Tat. 13, 3; Ath. 22, 3). τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ πν. 1 Pt 4:14 (Just., A I, 60, 6). τὸ πν. τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:12b. τὸ πν. κυρίου Ac 5:9; B 6:14; B 9:2 (cp. Mel., P. 32, 222). τὸ πνεῦμά μου or αὐτοῦ: Mt 12:18 (Is 42:1); Ac 2:17f (Jo 3:1f.—Cp. 1QS 4:21); 1 Cor 2:10a v.l.; Eph 3:16; 1 Th 4:8 (where τὸ ἅγιον is added); 1J 4:13.—τὸ πν. τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν Mt 10:20. τὸ πν. τοῦ ἐγείραντος τὸν Ἰησοῦν Ro 8:11a.—Without the art. πν. θεοῦ (JosAs 4:9; Tat. 15:3; Theoph. Ant. 1, 5 [p. 66, 18]) the Spirit of God Mt 3:16; 12:28; Ro 8:9b, 14, 19; 1 Cor 7:40; 12:3a; 2 Cor 3:3 (πν. θεοῦ ζῶντος); Phil 3:3. πν. κυρίου Lk 4:18 (Is 61:1); Ac 8:39 (like J 3:8; 20:22; Ac 2:4, this pass. belongs on the borderline betw. the mngs. ‘wind’ and ‘spirit’; cp. Diod S 3, 60, 3 Ἕσπερον ἐξαίφνης ὑπὸ πνευμάτων συναρπαγέντα μεγάλων ἄφαντον γενέσθαι ‘Hesperus [a son of Atlas] was suddenly snatched by strong winds and vanished fr. sight’. S. HLeisegang, Der Hl. Geist I 1, 1919, 19ff; OCullmann, TZ. 4, ’48, 364); 1 Cl 21:2.

ⓑ the Spirit of Christ, of the Lord (=Christ) etc. τὸ πν. Ἰησοῦ Ac 16:7. τὸ πν. Χριστοῦ AcPlCor 2:32. τὸ ἐν αὐτοῖς πν. Χριστοῦ 1 Pt 1:11. πν. Χριστοῦ Ro 8:9c. πν. τοῦ Χριστοῦ AcPl Ha 8, 18. ἀπὸ τοῦ πν. τοῦ χριστοῦ AcPlCor 2:10. τὸ πν. Ἰης. Χριστοῦ Phil 1:19. τὸ πν. κυρίου 2 Cor 3:17b (JHermann, Kyrios und Pneuma, ’61). τὸ πν. τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ (=θεοῦ) Gal 4:6. As possessor of the divine Spirit, and at the same time controlling its distribution among humans, Christ is called κύριος πνεύματος Lord of the Spirit 2 Cor 3:18 (s. Windisch ad loc.); but many prefer to transl. from the Lord who is the Spirit.—CMoule, OCullmann Festschr., ’72, 231–37.

ⓒ Because of its heavenly origin and nature this Spirit is called (the) Holy Spirit (cp. PGM 4, 510 ἵνα πνεύσῃ ἐν ἐμοὶ τὸ ἱερὸν πνεῦμα.—Neither Philo nor Josephus called the Spirit πν. ἅγιον; the former used θεῖον or θεοῦ πν., the latter πν. θεῖον: Ant. 4, 118; 8, 408; 10, 239; but ἅγιον πνεῦμα Orig. C. Cels 1, 40, 16).

α. w. the art. τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον (Is 63:10f; Ps 50:13; 142:10 v.l.; cp. Sus 45 Theod.; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 10 [Stone p. 10]; JosAs 8:11 [codd. ADE]; AscIs 3, 15, 26; Just., D. 36, 6 al.) Mt 12:32 = Mk 3:29 = Lk 12:10 (τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα; on the ‘sin against the Holy Spirit’ s. HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 96–112; AFridrichsen, Le péché contre le Saint-Esprit: RHPR 3, 1923, 367–72). Mk 12:36; 13:11; Lk 2:26; 3:22; 10:21; J 14:26; Ac 1:16; 2:33; 5:3, 32; 7:51; 8:18 v.l.; 10:44, 47; 11:15; 13:2; 15:8, 28; 19:6; 20:23, 28; 21:11; 28:25; Eph 1:13 (τὸ πν. τῆς ἐπαγγελίας τὸ ἅγιον); 4:30 (τὸ πν. τὸ ἅγιον τοῦ θεοῦ); Hb 3:7; 9:8; 10:15; 1 Cl 13:1; 16:2; 18:11 (Ps 50:13); 22:1; IEph 9:1; Hs 5, 5, 2; 5, 6, 5–7 (on the relationship of the Holy Spirit to the Son in Hermas s. ALink, Christi Person u. Werk im Hirten des Hermas 1886; JvWalter, ZNW 14, 1913, 133–44; MDibelius, Hdb. exc. following Hs 5, 6, 8 p. 572–76).—τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα (Wsd 9:17; OdeSol 11:2; TestJob 51:2; ApcEsdr 7:16; Just. D. 25, 1 al.) Mt 28:19; Lk 12:10 (s. above), 12; Ac 1:8; 2:38 (epexegetic gen.); 4:31; 9:31; 10:45; 13:4; 16:6; 1 Cor 6:19; 2 Cor 13:13; 1J 5:7 v.l. (on the Comma Johanneum s. λόγο 3); GJs 24:4 (s. χρηματίζω 1bα). As the mother of Jesus GHb 20, 61 (HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 64ff; SHirsch, D. Vorstellg. v. e. weibl. πνεῦμα ἅγ. im NT u. in d. ältesten christl. Lit. 1927. Also WBousset, Hauptprobleme der Gnosis 1907, 9ff).

β. without the art. (s. B-D-F §257, 2; Rob. 761; 795) πνεῦμα ἅγιον (PGM 3, 289; Da 5:12 LXX; PsSol 17:37; AssMos Fgm. b; Just., D. 4, 1 al.; Ath. 24, 1. S. also Da Theod. 4:8, 9, 18 θεοῦ πνεῦμα ἅγιον or πνεῦμα θεοῦ ἅγιον) Mk 1:8; Lk 1:15, 35, 41, 67; 2:25; 4:1; 11:13; J 20:22 (Cassien, La pentecôte johannique [J 20:19–23] ’39.—See also 1QS 4:20f); Ac 2:4a; 4:8; 7:55; 8:15, 17, 19; 9:17; 10:38; 11:24; 13:9; 19:2ab; Hb 2:4; 6:4; 1 Pt 1:12 v.l.; 1 Cl 2:2; AcPl 6:18; 9:4 (restored after Aa I 110, 11); AcPlCor 2:5.—So oft. in combination w. a prep.: διὰ πνεύματος ἁγίου Ac 1:2; 4:25; Ro 5:5; 2 Ti 1:14; 1 Cl 8:1 (cp. διὰ πν. αἰωνίου Hb 9:14). διὰ φωνῆς πν. ἁγίου AcPl Ha 11, 6. ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου (Eus., PE 3, 12, 3 of the Egyptians: ἐκ τ. πνεύματος οἴονται συλλαμβάνειν τὸν γῦπα. Here πνεῦμα= ‘wind’; s. Horapollo 1, 11 p. 14f. The same of other birds since Aristot.—On the neut. πνεῦμα as a masc. principle cp. Aristoxenus, Fgm. 13 of the two original principles: πατέρα μὲν φῶς, μητέρα δὲ σκότος) Mt 1:18, 20; IEph 18:2; GJs 14:2; 19:1 (pap). ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ (PsSol 17:37; ApcZeph; Ar. 15, 1) Mt 3:11; Mk 1:8 v.l.; Lk 3:16; J 1:33b; Ac 1:5 (cp. 1QS 3:7f); 11:16; Ro 9:1; 14:17; 15:16; 1 Cor 12:3b; 2 Cor 6:6; 1 Th 1:5; 1 Pt 1:12 (without ἐν v.l.); Jd 20. ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου 2 Pt 1:21. Cp. ἐν δυνάμει πνεύματος ἁγίου Ro 15:13, 19 v.l. (for πνεύματος θεοῦ). μετὰ χαρᾶς πνεύματος ἁγίου 1 Th 1:6. διὰ ἀνακαινώσεως πνεύματος ἁγίου Tit 3:5.

ⓓ abs.

α. w. the art. τὸ πνεῦμα. In this connection the art. is perh. used anaphorically at times, w. the second mention of a word (s. B-D-F §252; Rob. 762); perh. Mt 12:31 (looking back to vs. 28 πν. θεοῦ); Mk 1:10, 12 (cp. vs. 8 πν. ἅγιον); Lk 4:1b, 14 (cp. vs. 1a); Ac 2:4b (cp. vs. 4a).—As a rule it is not possible to assume that anaphora is present: Mt 4:1; J 1:32, 33a; 3:6a, 8b (in wordplay), 34; 7:39a; Ac 8:29; 10:19; 11:12, 28; 19:1 D; 20:3 D, 22; 21:4; Ro 8:23 (ἀπαρχή 1bβ; 2), 26a, 27; 12:11; 15:30; 2 Cor 1:22 and 5:5 (KErlemann, ZNW 83, ’92, 202–23, and s. ἀρραβών); 12:18 (τῷ αὐτῷ πν.); Gal 3:2, 5, 14 (ἐπαγγελία 1bβ); Eph 4:3 (gen. of the author); 6:17 (perh. epexegetic gen.); 1 Ti 4:1a; Js 4:5; 1J 3:24; 5:6ab (some mss. add καὶ πνεύματος to the words διʼ ὕδατος κ. αἵματος at the beg. of the verse; this is approved by HvSoden, Moffatt, Vogels, Merk, and w. reservations by CDodd, The Joh. Epistles ’46, TManson, JTS 48, ’47, 25–33), vs. 8; Rv 2:7, 11, 17, 29; 3:6, 13, 22; 14:13; 22:17; B 19:2, B 7= D 4:10 (s. ἐτοιμάζω b). ἐν τῷ πνεύματι (led) by the Spirit Lk 2:27.—Paul links this Spirit of God, known to every Christian, with Christ as liberating agent in contrast to legal constraint ὁ κύριος τὸ πνεῦμα ἐστιν the Lord means Spirit 2 Cor 3:17a (UHolzmeister, 2 Cor 3:17 Dominus autem Spiritus est 1908; JNisius, Zur Erklärung v. 2 Cor 3:16ff: ZKT 40, 1916, 617–75; JKögel, Ὁ κύριος τὸ πνεῦμά ἐστιν: ASchlatter Festschr. 1922, 35–46; C Guignebert, Congr. d’Hist. du Christ. II 1928, 7–22; EFuchs, Christus u. d. Geist b. Pls ’32; HHughes, ET 45, ’34, 235f; CLattey, Verb. Dom. 20, ’40, 187–89; DGriffiths ET 55, ’43, 81–83; HIngo, Kyrios und Pneuma, ’61 [Paul]; JDunn, JTS 21, ’70, 309–20).

β. without the art. πνεῦμα B 1:3. κοινωνία πνεύματος Phil 2:1 (κοινωνία 1 and 2). πνεύματι in the Spirit or through the Spirit Gal 3:3; 5:5, 16, 18; 1 Pt 4:6. εἰ ζῶμεν πνεύματι, πνεύματι καὶ στοιχῶμεν if we live by the Spirit, let us also walk by the Spirit Gal 5:25. Freq. used w. a prep.: διὰ πνεύματος 1 Pt 1:22 v.l. ἐξ (ὕδατος καὶ) πνεύματος J 3:5. ἐν πνεύματι in, by, through the Spirit Mt 22:43; Eph 2:22; 3:5; 5:18; 6:18; Col 1:8 (ἀγάπη ἐν πνεύματι love called forth by the Spirit); B 9:7. κατὰ πνεῦμα Ro 8:4f; Gal 4:29. ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος 2 Th 2:13; 1 Pt 1:2 (s. ἁγιασμός).—In neg. expressions: οὔπω ἧν πνεῦμα the Spirit had not yet come J 7:39b. ψυχικοὶ πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες worldly people, who do not have the Spirit Jd 19.—ἓν πνεῦμα one and the same Spirit 1 Cor 12:13; Eph 2:18; 4:4; one (in) Spirit 1 Cor 6:17.

ⓔ The Spirit is more closely defined by a gen. of thing: τὸ πν. τῆς ἀληθείας (TestJud 20:5) J 14:17; 15:26; 16:13 (in these three places the Spirit of Truth is the Paraclete promised by Jesus upon his departure); 1J 4:6 (opp. τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς πλάνης, as TestJud 20:1; PsSol 8:14 πλ. πλανήσεως; Just., D. 7, 3 πλάνου καὶ ἀκαθάρτου πνεύματος; cp. 1QS 4:23); τὸ τῆς δόξης πν. 1 Pt 4:14. τὸ πν. τῆς ζωῆς the Spirit of life Ro 8:2. το πν. τῆς πίστεως 2 Cor 4:13. πν. σοφίας καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως Eph 1:17 (cp. Just., D. 87, 4). πν. υἱοθεσίας Ro 8:15b (opp. πν. δουλείας vs. 15a). πν. δυνάμεως AcPl Ha 8, 25. πν. δυνάμεως καὶ ἀγάπης καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ 2 Ti 1:7 (opp. πν. δειλίας). τὸ πν. τῆς χάριτος (s. TestJud 24:2) Hb 10:29 (Zech 12:10); cp. 1 Cl 46:6.

ⓕ Of Christ ‘it is written’ in Scripture: (ἐγένετο) ὁ ἔσχατος Ἀδὰμ εἰς πνεῦμα ζῳοποιοῦν 1 Cor 15:45. The scripture pass. upon which the first part of this verse is based is Gen 2:7, where Wsd 15:11 also substitutes the words πνεῦμα ζωτικόν for πνοὴν ζωῆς (cp. Just., D. 6, 2). On the other hand, s. Philo, Leg. All. 1, 42 and s. the lit. s.v. Ἀδάμ ad loc.

ⓖ The (divine) Pneuma stands in contrast to everything that characterizes this age or the finite world gener.: οὐ τὸ πν. τοῦ κόσμου ἀλλὰ τὸ πν. τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:12; cp. Eph 2:2 and 1 Ti 4:1ab.

α. in contrast to σάρξ, which is more closely connected w. sin than any other earthly material (Just., D. 135, 6): J 3:6; Ro 8:4–6, 9a, 13; Gal 3:3; 5:17ab; 6:8. Cp. B 10:9. πᾶσα ἐπιθυμία κατὰ τοῦ πνεύματος στρατεύεται Pol 5:3.

β. in contrast to σῶμα (=σάρξ) Ro 8:10 and to σάρξ (=σῶμα, as many hold) J 6:63a (for τὸ πν. ἐστιν τὸ ζῳοποιοῦν cp. Philo, Op. Mund. 30; Herm. Wr. in Cyrill., C. Jul. I 556c=542, 24 Sc. the pneuma τὰ πάντα ζῳοποιεῖ καὶ τρέφει. S. also f above). Cp. Ro 8:11b.

γ. in contrast to γράμμα, which is the characteristic quality of God’s older declaration of the divine will in the law: Ro 2:29; 7:6; 2 Cor 3:6ab, 8 (cp. vs. 7).

δ. in contrast to the wisdom of humans 1 Cor 2:13.

⑥ the Spirit of God as exhibited in the character or activity of God’s people or selected agents, Spirit, spirit (s. HPreisker, Geist u. Leben ’33).

ⓐ πνεῦμα is accompanied by another noun, which characterizes the working of the Spirit more definitely: πνεῦμα καὶ δύναμις spirit and power Lk 1:17; 1 Cor 2:4. Cp. Ac 10:38; 1 Th 1:5. πνεῦμα καὶ ζωή J 6:63b. πνεῦμα κ. σοφία Ac 6:3; cp. vs. 10 (cp. TestReub 2:6 πνεῦμα λαλίας). πίστις κ. πνεῦμα ἅγιον 6:5 (cp. Just., D. 135, 6). χαρὰ καὶ πνεῦμα ἅγ. 13:52.

ⓑ Unless frustrated by humans in their natural condition, the Spirit of God produces a spiritual type of conduct Gal 5:16, 25 and produces the καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος vs. 22 (s. Vögtle under πλεονεξία).

ⓒ The Spirit inspires certain people of God B 12:2; B 13:5, above all, in their capacity as proclaimers of a divine revelation (Strabo 9, 3, 5 the πνεῦμα ἐνθουσιαστικόν, that inspired the Pythia; Περὶ ὕψους 13, 2; 33, 5 of the divine πν. that impels prophets and poets to express themselves; schol. on Pla. 856e of a μάντις: ἄνωθεν λαμβάνειν τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ πληροῦσθαι τοῦ θεοῦ; Aristobulus in Eus., PE 8, 10, 4 [=Fgm. 2, 4 p. 136 Holladay] τὸ θεῖον πν., καθʼ ὸ̔ καὶ προφήτης ἀνακεκήρυκται ‘[Moses possessed] the Divine Spirit with the result that he was proclaimed a prophet’; AscIs 1:7 τὸ πν. τὸ λαλοῦν ἐν ἐμοί; AssMos Fgm. f εἶδεν πνεύματι ἐπαρθείς; Just., A I, 38, 1 al.; Ath. 10, 3 τὸ προφητικὸν πν. Cp. Marinus, Vi. Procli 23 of Proclus: οὐ γὰρ ἄνευ θείας ἐπινοίας … διαλέγεσθαι; Orig., C. Cels. 3, 28, 23). προφητεία came into being only as ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου φερόμενοι ἐλάλησαν ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἄνθρωποι 2 Pt 1:21; cp. Ac 15:29 v.l.; cp. 1 Cl 8:1. David Mt 22:43; Mk 12:36; cp. Ac 1:16; 4:25. Isaiah Ac 28:25. Moses B 10:2, B 9; the Spirit was also active in giving the tables of the law to Moses 14:2. Christ himself spoke in the OT διὰ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου 1 Cl 22:1. The ἱεραὶ γραφαί are called αἱ διὰ τοῦ πν. τοῦ ἁγίου 45:2.—The Christian prophet Agabus also ἐσήμαινεν διὰ τοῦ πν. Ac 11:28; cp. Ac 21:11. Likew. Ign. IPhld 7:2. In general the Spirit reveals the most profound secrets to those who believe 1 Cor 2:10ab.—1 Cl claims to be written διὰ τοῦ ἁγ. πν. 63:2. On Ac 19:21 s. 3b.

ⓓ The Spirit of God, being one, shows the variety and richness of its life in the different kinds of spiritual gifts which are granted to certain Christians 1 Cor 12:4, 7, 11; cp. vs. 13ab.—Vss. 8–10 enumerate the individual gifts of the Spirit, using various prepositions: διὰ τοὺ πν. vs. 8a; κατὰ τὸ πν. vs. 8b; ἐν τῷ πν. vs. 9ab. τὸ πν. μὴ σβέννυτε do not quench the Spirit 1 Th 5:19 refers to the gift of prophecy, acc. to vs. 20.—The use of the pl. πνεύματα is explained in 1 Cor 14:12 by the varied nature of the Spirit’s working; in vs. 32 by the number of persons who possess the prophetic spirit; on the latter s. Rv 22:6 and 19:10.

ⓔ One special type of spiritual gift is represented by ecstatic speaking. Of those who ‘speak in tongues’ that no earthly person can understand: πνεύματι λαλεῖ μυστήρια expresses secret things in a spiritual way 1 Cor 14:2. Cp. vss. 14–16 and s. νοῦς 1b. τὸ πνεῦμα ὑπερεντυγχάνει στεναγμοῖς ἀλαλήτοις the Spirit pleads in our behalf with groans beyond words Ro 8:26b. Of speech that is ecstatic, but expressed in words that can be understood λαλεῖν ἐν πνεύματι D 11:7, 8; cp. vs. 9 (on the subject-matter 1 Cor 12:3; Jos., Ant. 4, 118f; TestJob 43:2 ἀναλαβὼν Ἐλιφᾶς πν. εἶπεν ὕμνον). Of the state of mind of the seer of the Apocalypse: ἐν πνεύματι Rv 17:3; 21:10; γενέσθαι ἐν πν. 1:10; 4:2 (s. γίνομαι 5c, ἐν 4c and EMoering, StKr 92, 1920, 148–54; RJeske, NTS 31, ’85, 452–66); AcPl Ha 6, 27. On the Spirit at Pentecost Ac 2:4 s. KLake: Beginn. I 5, ’33, 111–21. κατασταλέντος τοῦ πν. τοῦ ἐν Μύρτῃ when the Spirit (of prophecy) that was in Myrta ceased speaking AcPl Ha 7, 9.

ⓕ The Spirit leads and directs Christian missionaries in their journeys (Aelian, NA 11, 16 the young women are led blindfolded to the cave of the holy serpent; they are guided by a πνεῦμα θεῖον) Ac 16:6, 7 (by dreams, among other methods; cp. vs. 9f and s. Marinus, Vi. Procli 27: Proclus ἔφασκεν προθυμηθῆναι μὲν πολλάκις γράψαι, κωλυθῆναι δὲ ἐναργῶς ἔκ τινων ἐνυπνίων). In Ac 16:6–7 τὸ ἅγιον πν. and τὸ πν. Ἰησοῦ are distinguished.

⑦ an activating spirit that is not fr. God, spirit: πν. ἔτερον a different (kind of) spirit 2 Cor 11:4. Cp. 2 Th 2:2; 1J 4:1–3. Because there are persons activated by such spirits, it is necessary to test the var. kinds of spirits (the same problem Artem. 3, 20 περὶ διαφορᾶς μάντεων, οἷς δεῖ προσέχειν καὶ οἷς μή) 1 Cor 12:10; 1J 4:1b. ὁ διάβολος πληροῖ αὐτὸν αὐτοῦ πν. Hm 11:3. Also οὐκ οἴδατε ποίου πνεύματός ἐστε Lk 9:55 v.l. distinguishes betw. the spirit shown by Jesus’ disciples, and another kind of spirit.—Even more rarely a spirit divinely given that is not God’s own; so (in a quot. fr. Is 29:10) a πνεῦμα κατανύξεως Ro 11:8.

⑧ an independent transcendent personality, the Spirit, which appears in formulas that became more and more fixed and distinct (cp. Ath. 12, 2; Hippol., Ref. 7, 26, 2.—Ps.-Lucian, Philopatr. 12 θεόν, υἱόν πατρός, πνεῦμα ἐκ πατρὸς ἐκπορευόμενον ἓν ἐκ τριῶν καὶ ἐξ ἑνὸς τρία, ταῦτα νόμιζε Ζῆνα, τόνδʼ ἡγοῦ θεόν=‘God, son of the father, spirit proceeding from the father, one from three and three from one, consider these as Zeus, think of this one as God’. The entire context bears a Christian impress.—As Aion in gnostic speculation Iren. 1, 2, 5 [Harv. I 21, 2]): βαπτίζοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος Mt 28:19 (on the text s. βαπτίζω 2c; on the subject-matter GWalther, Die Entstehung des Taufsymbols aus dem Taufritus: StKr 95, 1924, 256ff); D 7:1, 3. Cp. 2 Cor 13:13; 1 Cl 58:2; IEph 9:1; IMg 13:1b, 2; MPol 14:3; 22:1, 3; Epil Mosq 5. On this s. HUsener, Dreiheit: RhM 58, 1903, 1ff; 161ff; 321ff; esp. 36ff; EvDobschütz, Zwei-u. dreigliedrige Formeln: JBL 50, ’31, 116–47 (also Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 92–100); Norden, Agn. Th. 228ff; JMainz, Die Bed. der Dreizahl im Judentum 1922; Clemen² 125–28; NSöderblom, Vater, Sohn u. Geist 1909; DNielsen, Der dreieinige Gott I 1922; GKrüger, Das Dogma v. der Dreieinigkeit 1905, 46ff; AHarnack, Entstehung u. Entwicklung der Kirchenverfassung 1910, 187ff; JHaussleiter, Trinitarischer Glaube u. Christusbekenntnis in der alten Kirche: BFCT XXV 4, 1920; JLebreton, Histoire du dogme de la Trinité I: Les origines⁶ 1927; RBlümel, Pls u. d. dreieinige Gott 1929.—On the whole word FRüsche, D. Seelenpneuma ’33; HLeisegang, Der Hl. Geist I 1, 1919; EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 486–95; PVolz, Der Geist Gottes u. d. verwandten Erscheinungen im AT 1910; JHehn, Zum Problem des Geistes im alten Orient u. im AT: ZAW n.s. 2, 1925, 210–25; SLinder, Studier till Gamla Testamentets föreställningar om anden 1926; AMarmorstein, Der Hl. Geist in der rabb. Legende: ARW 28, 1930, 286–303; NSnaith, The Distinctive Ideas of the OT ’46, 229–37; FDillistone, Bibl. Doctrine of the Holy Spirit: Theology Today 3, ’46/47, 486–97; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 341–46; ESchweizer, CDodd Festschr., ’56, 482–508; DLys, Rûach, Le Souffle dans l’AT, ’62; DHill, Gk. Words and Hebr. Mngs. ’67, 202–93.—HGunkel, Die Wirkungen des Hl. Geistes² 1899; HWeinel, Die Wirkungen des Geistes u. der Geister im nachap. Zeitalter 1899; EWinstanley, The Spirit in the NT 1908; HSwete, The Holy Spirit in the NT 1909, The Holy Spirit in the Ancient Church 1912; EScott, The Spirit in the NT 1923; FBüchsel, Der Geist Gottes im NT 1926; EvDobschütz, Der Geistbesitz des Christen im Urchristentum: Monatsschr. für Pastoral-theol. 20, 1924, 228ff; FBadcock, ‘The Spirit’ and Spirit in the NT: ET 45, ’34, 218–21; RBultmann, Theologie des NT ’48, 151–62 (Eng. tr. KGrobel, ’51, I 153–64); ESchweizer, Geist u. Gemeinde im NT ’52, Int 6, ’52, 259–78.—WTosetti, Der Hl. Geist als göttliche Pers. in den Evangelien 1918; HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion. Der Ursprung des Geistbegriffs der Syn. Ev. aus der griech. Mystik 1922; AFrövig, Das Sendungsbewusstsein Jesu u. der Geist 1924; HWindisch, Jes. u. d. Geist nach Syn. Überl.: Studies in Early Christianity, presented to FCPorter and BWBacon 1928, 209–36; FSynge, The Holy Spirit in the Gospels and Acts: CQR 120, ’35, 205–17; CBarrett, The Holy Spirit and the Gospel Trad. ’47.—ESokolowski, Die Begriffe Geist u. Leben bei Pls 1903; KDeissner, Auferstehungshoffnung u. Pneumagedanke bei Pls 1912; GVos, The Eschatological Aspect of the Pauline Conception of the Spirit: Bibl. and Theol. Studies by the Faculty of Princeton Theol. Sem. 1912, 209–59; HBertrams, Das Wesen des Geistes nach d. Anschauung des Ap. Pls 1913; WReinhard, Das Wirken des Hl. Geistes im Menschen nach den Briefen des Ap. Pls 1918; HHoyle, The Holy Spirit in St. Paul 1928; PGächter, Z. Pneumabegriff des hl. Pls: ZKT 53, 1929, 345–408; ASchweitzer, D. Mystik des Ap. Pls 1930, 159–74 al. [Mysticism of Paul the Apostle, tr. WMontgomery ’31, 160–76 al.]; E-BAllo, RB 43, ’34, 321–46 [1 Cor]; Ltzm., Hdb. exc. after Ro 8:11; Synge [s. above], CQR 119, ’35, 79–93 [Pauline epp.]; NWaaning, Onderzoek naar het gebruik van πνεῦμα bij Pls, diss. Amsterd. ’39; RJewett, Paul’s Anthropological Terms, ’71, 167–200.—HvBaer, Der Hl. Geist in den Lukasschriften 1926; MGoguel, La Notion joh. de l’Esprit 1902; JSimpson, The Holy Spirit in the Fourth Gospel: Exp., 9th ser., 4, 1925, 292–99; HWindisch, Jes. u. d. Geist im J.: Amicitiae Corolla (RHarris Festschr.) ’33, 303–18; WLofthouse, The Holy Spirit in Ac and J: ET 52, ’40/41, 334–36; CBarrett, The Holy Spirit in the Fourth Gospel: JTS 1 n.s., ’50, 1–15; FCrump, Pneuma in the Gospels, diss. Catholic Univ. of America, ’54; GLampe, Studies in the Gospels (RHLightfoot memorial vol.) ’55, 159–200; NHamilton, The Holy Spirit and Eschatology in Paul, ’57; WDavies, Paul and the Dead Sea Scrolls, Flesh and Spirit: The Scrolls and the NT, ed. KStendahl, ’57, 157–82.—GJohnston, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Holy Spirit’ in the Qumran Lit.: NT Sidelights (ACPurdy Festschr.) ’60, 27–42; JPryke, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Flesh’ in Qumran and NT, RevQ 5, ’65, 346–60; HBraun, Qumran und d. NT II, ’66, 150–64; DHill, Greek Words and Hebrew Meanings, ’67, 202–93; WBieder, Pneumatolog. Aspekte im Hb, OCullmann Festschr. ’72, 251–59; KEasley, The Pauline Usage of πνεύματι as a Reference to the Spirit of God: JETS 27, ’84, 299–313 (statistics).—B. 260; 1087. Pauly-W. XIV 387–412. BHHW I 534–37. Schmidt, Syn. II 218–50. New Docs 4, 38f. DELG s.v. πνέω. M-M. Dict. de la Bible XI 126–398. EDNT. TW. Sv.

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